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AP Psychology Exam Review Part 1
This deck covers key concepts and definitions from the field of psychology, including various psychological approaches, research methods, and roles of psychologists.
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Positive Psychology
A field of research that focuses on people's positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience.
Biological Psychologists
Psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes.
Developmental Psychologists
Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime.
Cognitive Psychologists
Psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or c...
Clinical And Counseling Psychologists
Psychologists who seek to assess, understand, and change abnormal behavior.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Psychology | The science of behavior and mental processes |
Positive Psychology | A field of research that focuses on people's positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience. |
Biological Psychologists | Psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes. |
Developmental Psychologists | Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime. |
Cognitive Psychologists | Psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition. Also called experimental psychologists. |
Clinical And Counseling Psychologists | Psychologists who seek to assess, understand, and change abnormal behavior. |
Educational Psychologists | Psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improving those methods |
School Psychologists | Psychologists who test IQ's, diagnose students' academic problems, and set up programs to improve students' achievement |
Forensic Psychologists | Psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law. |
Psychodynamic Approach | A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behavior. |
Behavioral Approach | An approach to psychology emphasizing that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments. |
Critical Thinking | The process of assessing claims and making judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence. |
Hypothesis | In scientific research, a prediction stated as a specific, testable proposition about a phenomenon. |
Variable | A factor or characteristic that is manipulated or measured in research |
Theory | An integrated set of propositions that can be used to account for, predict, and even suggest ways of controlling certain phenomena |
Naturalistic Observation | The process of watching without interfering as a phenomenon occurs in the natural environment. |
Case Study | A research method involving the intensive examination of some phenomenon in a particular individual, group, or situation. |
Survey | A research method that involves giving people questionnaires or special interviews designed to obtain descriptions of their attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and intentions. |
Control Group | In an experiment, the group that receives no treatment or provides some other baseline against which to compare the performance or response of the experimental group. |
Independent Variable | The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment. |
Dependent Variable | In an experiment, the factor affected by the independent variable. |
Placebo | A physical or psychological treatment that contains no active ingredient but produces an effect because the person receiving it believes it will. |
Experimenter Bias | A confounding variable that occurs when an experimenter unintentionally encourages participants to respond in a way that supports the hypothesis. |
Double-Blind Design | A research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group. |
Sampling | The process of selecting participants who are members of the population that the researcher wishes to study. |