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AP Psychology Exam Review Part 2
This deck covers key concepts and definitions from the AP Psychology curriculum, focusing on the nervous system, neurotransmitters, brain structures, and sensory processes.
Correlation Coefficient
A statistic, r, that summarizes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Correlation Coefficient
A statistic, r, that summarizes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Statistically Significant
Referring to a correlation, or a difference between two groups, that is larger than would be expected by chance.
Nervous System
A complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the body a...
Neuron
Fundamental unit of the nervous system; nerve cell.
Glial Cells
Cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another.
Axon
A fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to where communication occurs with other neurons.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Correlation Coefficient | A statistic, r, that summarizes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. |
Statistically Significant | Referring to a correlation, or a difference between two groups, that is larger than would be expected by chance. |
Nervous System | A complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately. |
Neuron | Fundamental unit of the nervous system; nerve cell. |
Glial Cells | Cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another. |
Axon | A fiber that carries signals from the body of a neuron out to where communication occurs with other neurons. |
Dendrite | A neuron fiber that receives signals from the axons of other neurons and carries those signals to the cell body. |
Synapse | The tiny gap between neurons across which they communicate |
Myelin | A fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potentials. |
Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that assist in the transfer of signals from one neuron to another. |
Central Nervous System | The parts of the nervous system encased in bone, including the brain and the spinal cord. |
Autonomic Nervous System | A subsystem of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and the heart, lungs, and other organs and glands. |
Cerebellum | The part of the hindbrain whose main functions include controlling finely coordinated movements and storing memories about movement, but which may also be involved in impulse control, emotion, and language. |
Thalamus | A forebrain structure that relays signals from most sense organs to higher levels in the brain and plays an important role in processing and making sense out of this information. |
Hippocampus | A structure in the forebrain associated with the formation of new memories. |
Cerebral Cortex | The outer surface of the brain |
Corpus Callosum | A massive bundle of fibers that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other. |
Dopamine | A neurotransmitter used in the parts of the brain involved in regulating movement and experiencing pleasure. |
Serotonin | A neurotransmitter used by cells in parts of the brain involved in the regulation of sleep, mood, and eating. |
Sensations | Messages from the senses that make up the raw information that affects many kinds of behavior and mental processes. |
Amplitude | The difference between the peak and the baseline of a waveform. |
Wavelength | The distance from one peak to the next in a waveform |
Frequency | The number of complete waveforms, or cycles, that pass by a given point in space every second. |
Cornea | The curved, transparent, protective layer through which light rays enter the eye. |
Pupil | An opening in the eye, just behind the cornea, through which light passes. |