Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP® Psychology History and Approaches Part 2

AP® Psychology History and Approaches Part 2

Psychology20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and figures in psychology, focusing on different approaches such as behavioral, Gestalt, psychoanalytic, and humanistic psychology.

Which psychological approach does this statement reflect? Behavior results from learning through experience.

behavioral
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Which psychological approach does this statement reflect? Behavior results from learning through experience.
behavioral
What is behavior modification?
set of techniques to help individuals unlearn habits that have led to psychological problems
Describe Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments.
Pavlov, an early behaviorist, in his famous classical conditioning experiment, trained dogs to salivate in response to the sound of a bell.
What did John Watson believe psychology should study?
Watson, one of the earliest behaviorists, felt psychology should be the science of overt behavior and reject the study of mental processes.
Who is the psychologist behind operant conditioning of rats and pigeons?
B.F. Skinner
Define: operant conditioning
training organisms to repeat responses that lead to rewards and not to repeat responses that lead to punishment

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TermDefinition
Which psychological approach does this statement reflect? Behavior results from learning through experience.
behavioral
What is behavior modification?
set of techniques to help individuals unlearn habits that have led to psychological problems
Describe Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments.
Pavlov, an early behaviorist, in his famous classical conditioning experiment, trained dogs to salivate in response to the sound of a bell.
What did John Watson believe psychology should study?
Watson, one of the earliest behaviorists, felt psychology should be the science of overt behavior and reject the study of mental processes.
Who is the psychologist behind operant conditioning of rats and pigeons?
B.F. Skinner
Define: operant conditioning
training organisms to repeat responses that lead to rewards and not to repeat responses that lead to punishment
What is the key premise in Gestalt psychology?
Gestalt psychology stresses that the whole process should be studied, rather than specific parts. Gestalt psychology was a reaction to structuralism While structuralism seeks to study the elements that make up consciousness, Gestalt psychology stresses the idea that the 'whole is greater than the sum of its parts'
Max Wertheimer was a _____ psychologist.
Gestalt
What are the ABCs of behavior according to the behavioral approach?
antecedent environmental conditions; behavioral actions; consequences of behavior
Where do behavioral geneticists believe behavior comes from?
particular behaviors are attributed to genetically-based psychological characteristics
Who is the father of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
According to psychoanalysis, early life experiences are related to the development of one's __________ later in life.
personality
Other than Sigmund Freud, name four psychologists who associate with the psychoanalytic perspective.
1. Carl Jung 2. Alfred Adler 3. Karen Horney 4. Heinz Kohut
The __________ approach studies unconscious motives, while the biological approach studies chemical processes.
psychoanalytic
What is the difference between the conscious mind and the subconscious mind?
The conscious mind is readily accessible, while the subconscious mind is inaccesible but influences behavior.
Define: repression
psychoanalytic term for burying information in the subconscious
__________, unlike behaviorists, believe free will guides behavior and leads to personal growth.
Humanists
Define: humanism
psychological perspective that believes humans have unique qualities of behavior that differ from other organisms
Name two psychologists who associate with the humanistic approach.
1. Abraham Maslow 2. Carl Rogers
Technological advances and physiological research formed the basis of the __________ approach.
biological; The biological approach is also known as biopsychology or neuroscience.