Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP Psychology: Unit 0 Part 1
AP Psychology: Unit 0 Part 1
This deck covers key concepts and perspectives in psychology, including various biases, research methodologies, and psychological perspectives.
Psychology
The scientific study of mind and behavior
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Psychology
The scientific study of mind and behavior
Behavioral Perspective
Focuses on behavior in terms of conditioning, Middle finger- behavior that is conditioned
Biological Perspective
Focuses on how the body, brain, and genetics can influence emotions, memories, and sensory experiences, Pinky- Pinky promise
Cognitive Perspective
Focuses on mental activities associated with thinking and memory, How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. Pointer finger- pointing at...
Evolutionary Perspective
Focuses on how natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on a positive approach to reach full potential- motivation, relationships, etc. Ring finger for relationships
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Psychology | The scientific study of mind and behavior |
Behavioral Perspective | Focuses on behavior in terms of conditioning, Middle finger- behavior that is conditioned |
Biological Perspective | Focuses on how the body, brain, and genetics can influence emotions, memories, and sensory experiences, Pinky- Pinky promise |
Cognitive Perspective | Focuses on mental activities associated with thinking and memory, How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. Pointer finger- pointing at brain |
Evolutionary Perspective | Focuses on how natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes |
Humanistic Perspective | Focuses on a positive approach to reach full potential- motivation, relationships, etc. Ring finger for relationships |
Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Perspective | How the past and unconscious mind impacts your current behavior and mental processes, Thumb pointed behind for the past |
Socio-cultural Perspective | Focuses on how social and cultural factors impact behavior |
Hindsight Bias | A common tendency for people to perceive past events as more predictable than they actually were |
Confirmation Bias | A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions |
Overconfidence | The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements |
Peer Review | An evaluation process where scholars or researchers assess each other’s work before it gets published |
Hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
Falsifiable | If a statement, hypothesis, or theory is an inherent possibility prove it false. A statement is called falsifiable if it is possible to conceive an observation or an arguement which proves the statement in question to be false. |
Operational Definition | The definition of a concept in terms of the actual procedures used by the researcher to measure it |
Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
Survey | Obtaining self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a group, usually through questioning a random sample |
Social Desirability Bias | A type of response bias in which people answer the questions in a way they believe will be viewed favorably by others, rather than how they truly feel or behave. |
Self-report Bias | A methodological problem that arises when researchers rely on asking people to describe their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors rather than measuring these directly and objectively |
Experimenter Bias | The unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis |
Population | All individuals who can potentially participate in the study |
Random Sample | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
Sample | A smaller group of individuals that are selected from a larger population in order to represent and generalize findings about the entire population |
Sampling Bias | A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample |
Convenience Sampling | A non-probability sampling method that involves selecting a sample of individuals or cases based on their availability or proximity to the researcher |