Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP Psychology: Unit 1 Part 1
AP Psychology: Unit 1 Part 1
This deck covers key concepts and figures in early psychology, including theories, perspectives, and influential psychologists.
introspection
first began in laboratory set up by Wilhelm Wundt; process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
introspection
first began in laboratory set up by Wilhelm Wundt; process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences
structuralism
idea proposed by Wundt that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations; aimed to uncover the basic structures that ma...
functionalism
theory presented by William James; emphasizes adaptiveness of the mental or behavioral processes
Wilhelm Wundt
set up first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879; known for training subjects in introspection and for his theory of structuralism
Margaret Floy Washburn
first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
William James
published The Principles of Psychology, the science's first textbook; responsible for theory of functionalism
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
introspection | first began in laboratory set up by Wilhelm Wundt; process of reporting on one's own conscious mental experiences |
structuralism | idea proposed by Wundt that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations; aimed to uncover the basic structures that make up mind and thought |
functionalism | theory presented by William James; emphasizes adaptiveness of the mental or behavioral processes |
Wilhelm Wundt | set up first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879; known for training subjects in introspection and for his theory of structuralism |
Margaret Floy Washburn | first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology |
William James | published The Principles of Psychology, the science's first textbook; responsible for theory of functionalism |
Mary Whiton Calkins | studied with William James and went on to become president of the American Psychological Association |
G. Stanley Hall | student of William James who pioneered the study of child development and was the first president of the APA |
Gestalt psychology | theory that states that the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts, because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences; relatively little influence on current psychology |
Max Wertheimer | Gestalt psychologist who argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures |
psychoanalysis | theory that states a part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control determines, in part, how we think and behave |
Sigmund Freud | revolutionized psychology with his psychoanalytic theory; believed the unconscious mind must be examined through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques; criticized for being unscientific and creating unverifiable theories |
behaviorism | theory that states psychologists should look at only behavior and causes of behavior, and not concern themselves with describing elements of consciousness; dominant school of thought in psychology from the 1920s through the 1960s |
John Watson | psychologist who believed the science must limit itself to observable phenomena; wanted to establish behaviorism as the dominant paradigm of psychology |
B. F. Skinner | behaviorist who expanded the basic ideas of behaviorism to include the idea of reinforcement- environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses |
humanism | modern psychological viewpoint that stresses individual choice and free will; suggests that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs; not easily tested by the scientific method; includes theorists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers |
biopsychology | modern psychological perspective that explains human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes (e.g. genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters) |
evolutionary perspective | also known as Darwinian; modern psychological perspective that examines human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection; similar to biopsychology |
behavioral perspective | modern psychological perspective that explains human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning; looks strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors |
cognitive perspective | modern psychological perspective that examines human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events |
sociocultural perspective | modern psychological perspective that looks at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures; emphasizes the influence of culture on the way we think and act |
Jean Piaget | came up with a cognitive developmental theory, which focuses on how our cognitions develop in stages as we mature |
developmental perspective | modern psychological perspective emphasizing that change occurs across a lifespan; focus has shifted over recent years to teens and adults |
trait view | modern psychological perspective that views behavior and personality as the products of enduring psychological characteristics |
basic research | explores questions that are of interest to psychologists but are not intended to have immediate, real-world applications; also referred to as experimental psychology |