Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP Psychology: Unit 1 Part 2
AP Psychology: Unit 1 Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from Unit 1 Part 2 of AP Psychology, including definitions and explanations of research methods, biases, and historical figures in psychology.
operational definitions
a researcher's explanation how the variable of an experiment will be measured
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
operational definitions
a researcher's explanation how the variable of an experiment will be measured
valid
research that measures what the researcher set out to measure; accurate
reliable
research that can be replicated and is consistent
participants
individuals on which research is conducted
sampling
the process by which participants for research are selected
population
includes anyone or anything that could possibly be selected to be in the sample for research
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
operational definitions | a researcher's explanation how the variable of an experiment will be measured |
valid | research that measures what the researcher set out to measure; accurate |
reliable | research that can be replicated and is consistent |
participants | individuals on which research is conducted |
sampling | the process by which participants for research are selected |
population | includes anyone or anything that could possibly be selected to be in the sample for research |
random selection | every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as a participant in research |
stratified sampling | process that allows a researcher to ensure that the sample represents the population on some criteria |
laboratory experiments | experiments conducted in a lab, a highly controlled environment; advantage of being easily controlled |
field experiments | experiments conducted in the world; advantage of being more realistic |
confounding variables | any difference between the experimental and control conditions, except for the independent variable, that might affect the dependent variable |
assignment | the process by which participants are put into a group, experimental control |
random assignment | each participant has an equal chance of being placed into any group |
participant-relevant confounding variables | when groups are not randomly assigned during an experiment; increases the chance of participants in the two groups differ in any meaningful way |
group matching | used if one wants to ensure that the experimental and control groups are equivalent on some criterion (e.g. sex, IQ scores, or age) |
situation-relevant confounding variables | when the situations into which the different groups of an experiment are put are not truly equivalent; can create invalid experiment results due to the situation rather than the independent variable |
experimenter bias | the unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis |
double-blind procedure | when neither the participants nor the researcher are able to affect the outcome of the research |
demand characteristics | cues about the purpose of the study; participants use such cues to try to respond appropriately, skewing the validity of the experiment |
response bias | the tendency for subjects to behave in certain ways; can alter validity of experiment |
social desirability | the tendency of participants to try to give answers that reflect well upon them |
pseudopsychology | erroneous assertions or practices set forth as being scientific psychology |
confirmation bias | the tendency to attend to evidence that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations, while ignoring evidence that does not |
Plato | ancient Greek philosopher who studied areas like cognition; was first philosopher credited with the study of gaining knowledge |
Aristotle | ancient Greek philosopher who developed theories of sensation, perception, cognition, memory, problem solving, and ethics |