Mathematics /Brain and Behavior Chapter 4: Neural Conduction & Synaptic Transmission Part 4
Brain and Behavior Chapter 4: Neural Conduction & Synaptic Transmission Part 4
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 4 of Brain and Behavior, focusing on neural conduction and synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter deactivation, glial cell functions, and neurotransmitter classifications.
After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by A) reuptake B) enzymatic degradation C) G proteins
Both A or B
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by A) reuptake B) enzymatic degradation C) G proteins
Both A or B
There is only one neurotransmitter that is known to be deactivated in the synaptic cleft by enzymatic degradation; this neurotransmitter is
Acetylcholine
The one enzyme whose function is to deactivate a specific neurotransmitter once it has been released into the synapse is
Acetylcholinesterase
Neurons recycle A) neurotransmitter molecules that have been drawn back into the terminal buttons after being released B) the breakdown products of neurotransmitter molecules that have been degraded in the synapse by enzymes C) vesicles that have been integrated into the button membrane during exocytosis
All of the above
Glial cells have been shown to A) release chemical transmitters B) contain receptors for neurotransmitters C) conduct signals D) influence synaptic transmission
All of the above
Recent technological developments have led to the discovery of _ throughout the mammalian brain; they seem to link the activities of inhibitory interneurons of the same type
Gap junctions
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by A) reuptake B) enzymatic degradation C) G proteins | Both A or B |
There is only one neurotransmitter that is known to be deactivated in the synaptic cleft by enzymatic degradation; this neurotransmitter is | Acetylcholine |
The one enzyme whose function is to deactivate a specific neurotransmitter once it has been released into the synapse is | Acetylcholinesterase |
Neurons recycle A) neurotransmitter molecules that have been drawn back into the terminal buttons after being released B) the breakdown products of neurotransmitter molecules that have been degraded in the synapse by enzymes C) vesicles that have been integrated into the button membrane during exocytosis | All of the above |
Glial cells have been shown to A) release chemical transmitters B) contain receptors for neurotransmitters C) conduct signals D) influence synaptic transmission | All of the above |
Recent technological developments have led to the discovery of _ throughout the mammalian brain; they seem to link the activities of inhibitory interneurons of the same type | Gap junctions |
Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters? A) neuropeptide transmitters B) monoamine neurotransmitters C) amino acid neurotransmitters | Both B and C |
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS? | GABA |
Which is considered to be the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS? | Glutamate |
Glycine, aspartate, and glutamate are A) amino acid neurotransmitters B) small-molecule neurotransmitters C) transmitters at fast-acting, directed synapses D) building blocks of proteins | All of the above |
Monoamines are divided into two groups: | Catecholamines and indolamines |
Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons? | Monoamines |
Which of the following is not a monoamine? A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) epinephrine D) serotonin E) norepinephrine | Acetylcholine |
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine? A) monoamines B) indolamines C) catecholamines D) amino acids | Catecholamines |
In the presence of the appropriate enzyme, dopamine is converted to | Norepinephrine |
Which of the following is not found in neurons that release norepinephrine? A) dopamine B) L-DOPA C) norepinephrine D) epinephrine E) tyrosine | Epinephrine |
Which of the following is synthesized directly from tyrosine? A) dopamine B) epinephrine C) L-DOPA D) serotonin E) GABA | L-DOPA |
The abbreviation 5-HT stands for A) serotonin B) dopamine C) acetylcholine | Both A and B |
Serotonin is synthesized from | Tryptophan |
Adrenergic neurons release | Epinephrine |
Acetylcholine is created by the addition of an acetyl group to | A choline molecule |
Acetylcholine is A) a large-molecule neurotransmitter B) synthesized by adding an acetyl group to a choline molecule C) an indolamine | Synthesized by adding an acetyl group to a choline molecule |
Nitric oxide A) is a soluble gas neurotransmitter B) is considered to be an unconventional neurotransmitter C) participates in retrograde synaptic transmission | All of the above |
Soluble-gas neurotransmitters A) are synthesized in the neural cytoplasm B) once synthesized, immediately diffuse through the cell membrane into the extracellular fluid and into nearby cells C) diffuse into target cells through their cell membranes D) once in other cells, stimulate the synthesis of a second messenger and are immediately broken down | All of the above |
Which of the following is an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter? A) nitric oxide B) aspartate C) anandamide D) THC E) indolamine | Anandamide |