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Classification of Data Type Before and After Coding STAT2103 CH1
This deck covers key concepts in statistics, including differences between descriptive and inferential statistics, qualitative and quantitative data, populations and samples, and data distribution symmetry.
Explain the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
Descriptive statistics describes sets of data. Inferential statistics draws conclusions about the sets of data based on sampling.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Explain the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
Descriptive statistics describes sets of data. Inferential statistics draws conclusions about the sets of data based on sampling.
Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative data.
Quantitative data are numerical in nature, while qualitative data are categorical in nature.
Explain how populations and variables differ.
A population is a set of units of interest to a study. A variable is a characteristic or property of the units being studied.
Explain how populations and samples differ.
A population is a set of units of interest to a study. A sample is a subset of the units of a population.
Suppose you're given a data set that classifies each sample unit into one of four categories: A, B, C, or D. You plan to create a computer database consisting of these data, and you decide to code the data as A=1, B=2, C=3, and D=4. Are the data consisting of the classifications A, B, C, and D qualitative or quantitative? After the data are input as 1, 2, 3, or 4, are they qualitative or quantitative?
The original data (A, B, C, D) are qualitative because they represent categories. Even after coding them as 1, 2, 3, or 4, the data remain qualitative...
Are the data consisting of the classifications A, B, C, and D qualitiative or quantitative?
Qualitative, because they can only be classified into categories.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Explain the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. | Descriptive statistics describes sets of data. Inferential statistics draws conclusions about the sets of data based on sampling. |
Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative data. | Quantitative data are numerical in nature, while qualitative data are categorical in nature. |
Explain how populations and variables differ. | A population is a set of units of interest to a study. A variable is a characteristic or property of the units being studied. |
Explain how populations and samples differ. | A population is a set of units of interest to a study. A sample is a subset of the units of a population. |
Suppose you're given a data set that classifies each sample unit into one of four categories: A, B, C, or D. You plan to create a computer database consisting of these data, and you decide to code the data as A=1, B=2, C=3, and D=4. Are the data consisting of the classifications A, B, C, and D qualitative or quantitative? After the data are input as 1, 2, 3, or 4, are they qualitative or quantitative? | The original data (A, B, C, D) are qualitative because they represent categories. Even after coding them as 1, 2, 3, or 4, the data remain qualitative if the numbers are just labels without meaningful numerical order or arithmetic. |
Are the data consisting of the classifications A, B, C, and D qualitiative or quantitative? | Qualitative, because they can only be classified into categories. |
After the data are input as 1, 2, 3, or 4, are they qualitative or quantitative? | Qualitative, because they cannot be meaningfully added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided. |
Explain how the relationship between the mean and median provides information about the symmetry or skewness of the data's distribution. | The mean is affected by extreme values, while the median is not. If the data set is skewed to the right, then the median is less than the mean. If the data set is symmetric, the mean equals the median. If the data set is skewed to the left, the mean is less than the median. |
((((symmetric, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left? )))) The salaries of all persons employed by a large University | Skewed right because the mean value would be more than the median value |
((((symmetric, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left?)))) The grades on an easy test | Skewed left because the mean value would be less than the median value |
((((symmetric, skewed to the right, or skewed to the left?)))) The amounts of time students in your class studied last year | Symmetric because the mean value would be nearly the same as the median value |