Colonial America to the American Revolution Part 3

Founded in Tennessee in 1866; used violence to express grievances felt by southerners during Reconstruction.

Ended the presidency of 1876; gave the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes and in turn removed all federal troops from the South and promised to stop enforcing Reconstruction legislation.

Citizens of former Confederate states would be offered the opportunity to swear allegiance to the Union. When 10% of a state's population signed this pledge, they were entered back into the union. Former Confederate leaders were not offered this pledge.

Passed by Southern legislatures in 1866. They limited black movement, prohibited interracial marriage, and made blacks obtain certificates in order to hold jobs.

Congress would allow a state to reenter the Union if the majority of voters pledged loyalty to the Union. Lincoln pocket vetoed this bill because it would make readmission too difficult.

Designed to help ex-slaves get employment, education, and assistance in adjusting to their new lives.

Granted freedmen the benefits of federal citizenship and promised these rights would be upheld in federal courts.

Outlawed slavery and all forms of involuntary servitude.

States that did not give freedmen the vote would have reduced representation in Congress.

The president could not dismiss any Cabinet member without the approval of the Senate.

No American could be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or precious condition of servitude."

Gave 160 acres of land to any American citizen who could pay a $10 registration fee. Encouraged westward expansion.

Last large-scale attempt by the Native Americans to resist American expansion. Federal troops fired into the crowd, killing 200 people.

Broke up Native American tribes by offering individual Native Americans land to use for farming or grazing.

United farmers who wanted more readily available farm credits and federal regulation of the railroads.

1892, designed to appeal to workers all over the country. Wanted government to have a larger role in American society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy.

1893; Innovations practiced by Western settlers became ingrained in American society, democracy and self-improvement were vital to expansion, and that many aspects of the American character were shaped by this westward expansion.

Large tracts of land were given to state governments to indirectly give land to settlers.

Southern blacks who migrated to the west to become farmers. Less than 20% were successful.

Eastern mining company who refined minerals found by prospectors who could not do it themselves.

1878; offered land in the NW unsuitable for farming to settlers at cheap prices. Lumber companies hired people to claim this land and then sell it to them so they could get cheap forest land.

Invented barbed wire in 1873, which signaled an end to the cattle industry, as the open range began to disappear.

Fiercely resisted the onset of westward expansion.

General George Custer and his entire force were killed by the Sioux, who were resisting white expansion. This was their last victory, as federal troops were soon brought in to subdue the Sioux.

Elaborate ceremonies by the Nez Perce Indians in order to remove whites from their territories, return the buffalo, and bring back dead ancestors. They scared white settlers, and caused more troops to be sent in to subdue them.

Founded by Western farmers in 1867. Formed farmer cooperatives, which allowed farmers to buy products in large quantities at a lower price.

Supported inflation.

Stated the principles motivating farmers for the remainder of the century.

The federal government could regulate interstate railway rates.

Aimed to control the power of trusts and monopolies.

Belief that factories should be managed in a scientific manner, using techniques to increase efficiency of the workers and factory process as a whole.

Gaining as much control over a single industry as possible, sometimes by creating trusts and holding companies. Used by John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil.

Gaining as much control over a single industry as possible by controlling the production, marketing, and distribution of the finished product. Used by Andrew Carnegie and US Steel.

Philosophy of Carnegie, wealthy industrialists had an obligation to help local communities and philanthropic organizations.

1880s. Major union made up of many industries, accepted unskilled workers.

National labor union formed by Gompers in 1886 to organize skilled workers by craft.

Labor union formed in 1905 to unionize unskilled workers not taken by the AF of L. Members were called Wobblies.

Late 19th century America characterized by great prosperity hiding social inequality and cultural shallowness.

1883; Established a civil service system at the federal level; not all govt jobs would be political appointments.

Political Machine in NYC that ran politics in 1870

America became the top industrial country in the world. 1 in 2 Americans worked in manufacturing. New developments in technology and organization occurred because of the lack of govt control over business.

Sharecroppers left farms to work in Northern textile factories.

Outlawed corrupt business practices such as trusts, but was often ineffective because it was difficult to enforce.

Proclaimed God had granted power and wealth to those who most deserved it, thus justifying corrupt business practices. Survival of the fittest was used to justify the large gap between the rich and the poor.

Large rally of striking workers, in which a bomb went off and killed many people. This hurt the labor cause, as workers were now seen as anarchists.

Immigration pattern shift in the late 1800s where more people began coming from Eastern Europe, Russia, and Italy. Their language barrier made it hard to assimilate.

Prohibited any new Chinese laborers from entering the country.

Prohibited Asians who were not citizens from owning land anywhere in California.

Populist march on Washington that demanded government aid in relieving unemployment. Was unsuccessful, but succeeded in bringing grievances before govt.

Wrote 'How the Other Half Lives' exposing the horrible conditions of slums in NYC.

Wrote 'The Jungle' exposing the horrible conditions of the meatpacking industry.

Supported by the US that stated that all major powers should have an equal right to trade with China.

Began in 1898 against the Spanish over treatment of Cubans by Spanish troops. Resulted in US annexation of the Philippines.

Utilized sensationalized accounts of the news to sell newspapers; helped incite nationalism in the war against the Spanish.

US ship sunk in Havana Harbor in 1898. Was never proven to be sunk by the Spanish, but journalists used this as propaganda to drum up support for the war.

Canal across Panama started in 1904; expanded US military and economic influence.

Warned Europeans against intervening in Latin America's affairs. Claimed the right of the US to intervene in said affairs if necessary.

Foreign policy supported by Taft that favored increased US involvement in the world to increase US influence.

Authorized construction of battleships that would be offensive in nature.

Supporter of naval expansion who wrote 'The Influence of Sea Power on History' which stated American success relied on a strong navy who could set up new markets overseas.

Led by Teddy Roosevelt, this group of fighters defeated the Spanish at San Juan Hill.

Ended the Spanish-American War. Spain recognized Cuban independence and the US paid $20 million for the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

Stated that America would not try to annex Cuba under any circumstances.

US forced Cuba to agree to these provisions in order to gain independence. They could not enter into agreements with other countries without US approval, gave the US the right to intervene in their affairs if necessary, and gave the US two naval bases on the mainland.

Formed in 1898 in opposition to combat American intervention into foreign affairs.

Originated in the Protestant church and aimed to help the urban poor

Writers who exposed unethical practices in govt and business

Allowed voters instead of state legislatures to elect senators.

Progressive supported process that allowed any citizen to propose a law. If enough supporter's signatures could be procured, the law would then be voted on.

Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws.

Allowed voters to remove an elected official from office before their term expired.

Allowed party members to vote for prospective candidates

Settlement house in Chicago founded by Jane Addams

Created in 1890 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to demand women's right to vote.

1911, fire in NYC that killed 150 female workers who had been locked into the factory. Enacted many factory reforms.

Formed by Florence Kelley for legislation that would protect women and children at home and at the workplace.

Championed by many women who felt alcohol was the major cause for sufferings of the lower classes.

Supreme Court Case that limited the number of hours a woman could work, as too much work would interfere in their roles as mothers.

Set aside 200 million acres of land for national forests.

Established a federal income tax which replaced tariffs as a source of revenue.