Hair Chemistry: Chapter 07 Hair and Scalp Properties

Cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the properties of the hair and scalp because __________.
a. they are physicians specialized in a medical branch of science that involves the study of the hair and its structure
b. understanding how the hair structure is formed, and how hairstyling and chemical services alter hair, will lead to safer, smarter services
c. they are responsible for informing clients about the parts of the hair that will be affected by the hair services availed by them
d. they are licensed to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or work on unhealthy hair and scalp

Which of the following is a reason why cosmetologists should have a thorough understanding of the properties of the hair and scalp?
a. because they are licensed to treat unhealthy hair and scalp and they should be able to do it efficiently
b. because they are required to perform procedures that are listed under a medical license or podiatry license
c. because identifying the differences between common and uncommon hair loss helps them better recommend hair loss treatments to clients
d. because learning about the properties of the hair and scalp is essential in order to diagnose a specific disease or disorder

Which of the following refers to the study of the hair, including its diseases and care?
a. hematology
b. rheumatology
c. trichology
d. podiatry

Identify the part of the hair that is located below the surface of the epidermis.
a. the hair root
b. the cortex
c. the hair cuticle
d. the hair shaft

The __________ is a tube-like structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin.
a. hair shaft
b. hair follicle
c. hair cuticle
d. dermal papilla

Which of the following statements is true of the hair bulb?
a. It is the living portion of the hair found above the epidermis.
b. It contains living cells that form the hair strand.
c. It produces sebum that lubricates the hair and skin.
d. It is the nonliving part of the hair attached to the hair shaft.

The __________ is a cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair bulb and contains blood vessels that supply nutrients that allow the hair to grow.
a. hair follicle
b. dermal papilla
c. hair shaft
d. medulla

The __________ is an involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle.
a. adductor longus muscle
b. deltoid muscle
c. arrector pili muscle
d. soleus muscle

__________ are attached to the hair follicle and produce an oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin.
a. Sebaceous glands
b. Dermal papillae
c. Sweat glands
d. Hair cuticles

Which of the following is the hair’s outermost layer?
a. the hair follicle
b. the medulla
c. the hair cuticle
d. the cortex

Identify a true statement about the hair cuticle.
a. It protects the cortex.
b. It is the fibrous protein layer of the hair.
c. It contributes to about 90 percent of the hair’s weight.
d. It is part of the hair root.

The __________ is the fibrous protein layer of the hair.
a. hair follicle
b. hair cuticle
c. medulla
d. cortex

Which of the following is a function of the cortex?
a. It contributes to 50 percent of the hair’s weight.
b. It is responsible for the hair’s strength, elasticity, and color.
c. It contains living cells that form the hair strand.
d. It produces sebum that lubricates the hair and skin.

The __________ is the innermost layer found in coarse hair and beard hair and is also known as the hair’s pith or core.
a. hair bulb
b. hair cuticle
c. medulla
d. cortex

Which of the following types of hair always contains a medulla?
a. smooth hair
b. fine hair
c. beard hair
d. straight hair

Which of the following statements best describes keratinization?
a. It is the process by which sebaceous glands enhance the production of keratin by melanocytes.
b. It is the process by which the amount of keratin in the skin helps determine skin color.
c. It is the process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.
d. It is the process by which sebum, lipids, keratin, sweat, and water form a hydrolipidic film to protect the skin from drying out.

In the context of the COHNS elements that make up human hair, __________ makes up 51 percent of a typical hair strand.
a. carbon
b. oxygen
c. sulfur
d. hydrogen

__________ are bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.
a. Carbon bonds
b. Side bonds
c. End bonds
d. Peptide bonds

In the context of side bonds, which of the following is a similarity between hydrogen bonds and salt bonds?
a. Both are reformed by oxidation with neutralizers.
b. Both are broken by thio permanent waves and thio relaxers.
c. Both are strong chemical side bonds.
d. Both result from attracting opposite charges.

A __________ is a strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids within the polypeptide chains.
a. disulfide bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. salt bond
d. peptide bond

Which of the following refers to tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair?
a. collagen
b. elastin
c. keratin
d. melanin

The __________ of the hair refers to the amount of movement or shape of the hair strand.
a. growth pattern
b. wave pattern
c. elasticity
d. porosity

__________ is the diameter of an individual hair strand.
a. Hair texture
b. Hair density
c. Hair porosity
d. Hair elasticity

Which of the following statements is true of medium hair?
a. It presents problems or concerns in styling.
b. It is the standard to which other hair textures are compared.
c. It has the largest diameter.
d. It is the least common hair texture.

Identify a difference between fine hair and coarse hair.
a. Fine hair requires strong chemicals, whereas coarse hair requires relatively weaker chemicals.
b. Fine hair is typically dry and frizzy, whereas coarse hair is usually flat and limp.
c. Fine hair has the smallest diameter, whereas coarse hair has the largest diameter.
d. Fine hair requires higher heat during thermal services, whereas coarse hair requires lower heat during thermal services.

__ measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp.
a. Hair density
b. Hair porosity
c. Hair elasticity
d. Hair texture

Which of the following hair colors has the highest density?
a. blonde
b. brown
c. black
d. red

Which of the following statements best describes hair porosity?
a. It is the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
b. It is the diameter of an individual hair strand.
c. It measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp.
d. It refers to the hair's ability to absorb moisture.

Hair with __ has a very healthy cuticle where the scales lie flat.
a. low porosity
b. medium porosity
c. average porosity
d. high porosity

Hair with __ has a raised cuticle and is typically damaged, dry, fragile, and brittle.
a. low porosity
b. medium porosity
c. high porosity
d. average porosity

The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as __.
a. hair elasticity
b. hair density
c. hair porosity
d. hair texture

Which of the following hair growth patterns involves hair flowing in the same direction as a result of follicles sloping in the same direction?
a. hair stream
b. whorl
c. curtained hair
d. cowlick

Which of the following statements is true of cowlicks?
a. They are usually more noticeable at the crown.
b. They occur when all hair flows in the same direction.
c. They occur when hair grows in a circular pattern.
d. They are only located at the back of the head.

People with dry hair and scalp should __.
a. shampoo their hair frequently
b. use strong soaps and detergents
c. avoid using products containing emollients
d. avoid products with high alcohol content

People with oily hair and scalp should __.
a. use a shampoo that changes the pH value of the scalp to around 10
b. thoroughly rinse hair after shampooing
c. use products that activate sebaceous glands
d. use excessively harsh products as they can curb oil production

In the context of the types of body hair, __ is short, fine hair that covers a fetus and generally sheds within a few weeks of birth.
a. lanugo hair
b. vellus hair
c. terminal hair
d. peach fuzz

In the context of the main types of body hair, which of the following is short, fine, unpigmented body hair often referred to as peach fuzz?
a. lanugo hair
b. vellus hair
c. terminal hair
d. fetus hair

In the context of the types of body hair, __is long, pigmented hair on the scalp and body.
a. lanugo hair
b. vellus hair
c. terminal hair
d. peach fuzz

In the context of the hair growth cycle, the __ is the growth phase.
a. transition phase
b. telogen phase
c. catagen phase
d. anagen phase

Which of the following occurs during the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle?
a. The hair sheds.
b. The follicle canal shrinks.
c. New hair is produced.
d. The hair bulb disappears.

Which of the following phases of the hair growth cycle refers to the brief transition period between the hair follicle's growth and resting phases?
a. the production phase
b. the telogen phase
c. the catagen phase
d. the anagen phase

Which of the following occurs during the catagen phase of the hair growth cycle?
a. The hair sheds.
b. The follicle canal shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla.
c. New hair is produced.
d. The hair bulb appears, and the enlarged root end forms a rounded club.

In the context of the hair growth cycle, the __ is the resting phase.
a. transition phase
b. telogen phase
c. catagen phase
d. anagen phase

Which of the following statements is true of the telogen phase of the hair growth cycle?
a. It is the final hair cycle phase.
b. Less than 1 percent of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any time.
c. About 90 percent of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any time.
d. It lasts two to six years.

Which of the following is a myth about hair?
a. Shaving and cutting hair makes it grow back darker and coarser.
b. Scalp massage can stimulate blood microcirculation.
c. Gray hair is the same as pigmented hair in terms of texture.
d. Genetics determines the growth rate of hair.