Healthcare /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 2 Part 5
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 2 Part 5
This deck covers key medical terminology related to diseases, disorders, and healthcare professionals, as outlined in Chapter 2 Part 5 of the 2016 HOSA curriculum.
Epidemic
sudden wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area {ex. sudden widespread outbreak of measles}
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Epidemic
sudden wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area {ex. sudden widespread outbreak of measles}
Pandemic
an outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide {ex. worldwide spread of AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]}
Functional disorder
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified {ex. panic attack}
Iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment {ex. severe burns resulting from radiation therapy are iatrogenic}
Idiopathic disorder
an illness without a known cause
Idi/o
peculiar to the individual
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Epidemic | sudden wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area {ex. sudden widespread outbreak of measles} |
Pandemic | an outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide {ex. worldwide spread of AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]} |
Functional disorder | produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified {ex. panic attack} |
Iatrogenic illness | an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment {ex. severe burns resulting from radiation therapy are iatrogenic} |
Idiopathic disorder | an illness without a known cause |
Idi/o | peculiar to the individual |
Idiopathic | without a known cause |
Infectious disease | an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
Nosocomial infection | disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting {ex. MRSA infections are often spread in hospitals |
Nosocomial | greek word for hospital |
Organic disorder | produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body {ex. chickenpox, which has a characteristic rash, is an organic disorder caused by a virus} |
Congenital disorder | an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth {can be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during the birthing process} |
Congenital | existing at birth |
Developmental disorders | "birth defect" can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe |
Anomaly | a deviation from what is regarded as normal |
Atresia | describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular {ex. anal atresia is the congenital absence of the opening of the bottom end of the anus, pulmonary atresia is the absence of the pulmonary valve} |
Prenatal influences | a mothers health, behaviour, and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery. |
Problem with a mothers health (prenatal influence) | Rubella infection | birth defects often occur if a woman contracts this infection earl on in her pregnancy |
Problem caused by a mothers behaviour (prenatal influence) | Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) caused by a mothers consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy; results are characterized by physical and behavioural traits growth abnormalities, brain damage, mental retardation and socialization difficulties |
Problem caused by lack of prenatal care (prenatal influences) | premature delivery, low birth weight baby |
Premature birth | a birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development, can cause serious health problems because the baby's body systems have not had the time to form completely breathing difficulties and heart problems are common |
Birth injuries | congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth {ex. cerebral palsy, result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birthing process} |
General practitioner (GP) OR family practice physician | provides ongoing care for patients of all ages |
Internist | physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of internal organs and related body systems |
Pediatrician | physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of children and infants |
Geriatrician OR Gerontologist | physician who specializes in the care of older people |
Hospitalist | focuses on the general medical care of hospitalized patients |