Lifespan Development Exam 1 Part 1

the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the life span

lifespan development takes a approach and focuses on development

development lasts from __

T/F one single period governs all development

development involving the body's phsycal makeup, including teh brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and teh need for food, drink, and sleep

development invovling the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a persona behavior

examine learning, memory, probelm-solving, and intelligence

development involving the ways that the enduring characterisitcs that differntiate one person from another change over the life span

the way in which individuls interactions iwth others and their social relathionships grow, change, and remain stable over teh course of life

how long is the prenatal period?

how long is the infancy and toddlerhood period?

how long is the preschool period

how long is the middle childhood period?

how long is the adolescent period?

how long is the you adulthood period?

how long is the middle adulthood period?

how long is the late adulthood period?

a shard notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at a given time

time periods are __

there are __ in the timing of events in peoples lives

a group of people born at around the same time in teh same place

cohort effects are an example of __

biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment

biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised

the social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership

specific, atypical events that occur in a particular persons life at a time when such events do not happen to most people

gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels

development that occurs in distinct steps or stages with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qulaitatively different from behavior at earlier stages

a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for develpoment to proceed normally

a point in development when organisms are particiularlly suseptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences

traits, abilities and capacities that are inherited form ones parents

the predetermined unfolding of genetic information

the environemtal influences that shape behavior

explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest providing a framework for understanding the relationships amoung an organized set of facts or principles

the approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awarness and control

the theory propsed by Freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior

according to Freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure or gratification is focused on a particular biological function and body part

a part of the personailty about which a person is unaware (Freud)

the raw, unorganized, inborn part of personatliy that is present at birth (freud)

the part of personality that is rational and reasonable (Freud)

part of persnoality that represents a persons conscience, incorporationg distictions between right and wrong

the approach that encompasses changes in our interactions with and understandign of one another, as wewll as in our knowledge and understanding of ouselves as members of society

father of psychosocial development

the approach that suggest that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the enviornment

a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response

a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with postivie and negative consequences

a formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing teh incidence of unwanted ones

learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model

the process y which a behavior is followed by a stimulus that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated

the introduction of an unpleasant or painful stimulus or the removal of a desirable stimulus, will decrease the robability that a preceding behavior will occur in the future

the approach that focuses on teh processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world

the model that seeks to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information

the approach that examines cognitive development through the lens of brain processes

considers cognition as made up of different types of individual siklls

the theory that contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior

the theory that conisders the relationship between individuals and their physical cognitive, personatily and social worlds

the perspective suggesting that levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals

what are the levels of the bioecological approach?

what level of the bioecological approach is this?

the everyday, immediate environment of childrens daily ives

what level of the bioecological approach is this?

connects the various aspects of the microsystem. binds children to parents, studenst to teacher, employees to bosses, friends to friends.

what level of the bioecological approach is this?

represents broader inluences: societal institutions such as local government, the community, schools, places of worship, and the local media

what level of the bioecological approach is this?

represents the larger cultural influences on an indivudal, including society in generaltypes of governments, religious and plitical value systems, and other, broad encompassing factors

what level of the bioecological approach is this?

underlies each of the precious systems. involves the way the passage of times including hisotrical events

the bioecological approach emphasizers the __

the dominant western philosophy that emphasizes personal indentity, uniquenness, freedom, and the worth of the individual

the notion that the well-being of teh group is more important than that of the indivdual

the approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture

the theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

sociocultural theroy emphasizes that development is a ___ between the poeple ina childs environment and teh child

the field that examines the ways in which our biological makeup influences our behavior

studies the effects of heredity on beavior

the process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled, techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data

broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest

what are the three major steps of the scientific method

a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested

research that seeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists

research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors

the strength and idrection of a relationship between two factors is represnted by a mathematical score that ranges from 1.0- -1.0

indicates that as teh value of one factor increases, it can be predicted that teh value of the other will also increase

informs us that as teh value of one factor increases, the value of the other factor declines

a type of correlationsal study in which some naturally occuring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation

studies that involve extnensive, in-depth interview with a particular indivual or small groups of individuals

a type of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic

research that focuses on teh relationship between physiological processes and behavior

a method that borows from anthropology and is used to investigate cultural questions

where researchers choose particular settings of interest and seek to carefully describe in narrative fashion waht is occurring and why

uses electrodes placed on the skull to record electrical activity in teh brain

a computer constructs an image of teh brain by cominign thousands of individal xrays taken at slightly different angles

provides a detailed three-dimensional computer-generated image of brain activiy by aiming a powerful magnetic field at the brain

a process in which an investigator called an experimenter, devises two different experiences for participants

the variable that researchers manipulate in an experiement

the variable that researchers measure to see if it changes as a result of the experimental manipulation

when participants are assigned to different experimental group sor conditions puerly on teh basis of chance

the group of aprticipants chosen for the experiment

a research investigation carried out in a naturally occurring setting

a research investigationconducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to gold events constant

research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge

research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems

research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a stdy is measured as they age

research in which people of different agges are compared at the same point in time

reaserach in which reserachers examine a number of different age groups over several points in time

zthe new cell formed by teh process of fertilization

the basic unit of genetic information

involves truning in teh direction of a stimulus near the mouth

a greenish-black metrial that is the remnant of the neonates days as a fetus

the yellowish tinge to their bodies and eyes because their liver does not function efficiently

3 ways that genes can influence the environment

a way that genes can influence the environment: shy child seeks solitary activities

a way that genes can influence the environment: athletic parents create opportunities for children to play sports

a way that genes can influence the environment: a smiley baby gets more social stimulus