Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Lifespan Development Exam 1 Part 2
Lifespan Development Exam 1 Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in lifespan development, including research methods, correlation types, and study designs.
problems with verbal reports
Answer: (questionnaires, interviews, tests)
problems:
1. can't be used with people who can't read or understand language very well
2. people at different ages understand things distinctly, so answers tend to display age comprehension differences rather than actual quality
3. people can lie
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
problems with verbal reports
Answer: (questionnaires, interviews, tests)
problems:
1. can't be used with people who can't read or understand language very well
2. people at differ...
problems with behavioral observation
Answer: observing people in their day to day natural habitats (work, school, home, playground)
problems:
1. some behaviors happen too infrequently to ...
psychological measurement
Answer: advantage is that these are hard to fake
problen: what they are assessing is not always clear (example: physiological arousal can signal other...
positive correlation
Answer: as x goes up, so does y (think of a graph)
example: as the hours a child spends watching videos goes up, so does the language development scor...
negative correlation
Answer: as x goes up, y goes down (graph)
example: as the hours a child spends watching videos goes up, the language development scores goes down...in...
Why does the experimental method allow cause and effect conclusions? Why does the correlational method not allow that?
Answer: The experimental method allows cause-and-effect conclusions because it involves manipulation of variables and control of extraneous factors, w...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
problems with verbal reports | Answer: (questionnaires, interviews, tests)
problems:
1. can't be used with people who can't read or understand language very well
2. people at different ages understand things distinctly, so answers tend to display age comprehension differences rather than actual quality
3. people can lie |
problems with behavioral observation | Answer: observing people in their day to day natural habitats (work, school, home, playground)
problems:
1. some behaviors happen too infrequently to observe
2. since everything is happening simultaneously, its hard to pinpoint the causes of behaviors
3. the presence of an observer can cause people to act differently |
psychological measurement | Answer: advantage is that these are hard to fake
problen: what they are assessing is not always clear (example: physiological arousal can signal other emotions besides anger) |
positive correlation | Answer: as x goes up, so does y (think of a graph)
example: as the hours a child spends watching videos goes up, so does the language development scores...indicating positive correlation |
negative correlation | Answer: as x goes up, y goes down (graph)
example: as the hours a child spends watching videos goes up, the language development scores goes down...indicating negative correlation |
Why does the experimental method allow cause and effect conclusions? Why does the correlational method not allow that? | Answer: The experimental method allows cause-and-effect conclusions because it involves manipulation of variables and control of extraneous factors, while the correlational method only measures relationships without controlling variables. |
independent variables | Answer: variable being manipulated |
dependent variables | Answer: variable that depends on the independent variable |
experimental groups | Answer: group that experiences the change (is being tested) |
control groups | Answer: group that is kept the same (used for comparison with experimental group) |
random assignment | Answer: exactly what it sounds like, random |
quasi-experiments | Answer: where group receiving the intervention is compared to a control group (this is used because uncontrolled differences between the two groups could influence results) |
single case designs | Answer: Single-case designs are research methods that focus on intensive study of one individual or a small group, measuring behavior repeatedly over time to evaluate the effect of an intervention. |
How is change assessed over time? | Answer: through cross sectional studies, longitudinal studies, or sequential studies |
Strengths of cross-sectional designs | Answer: measures age differences
quick and easy
provides info about age differences
cohort differences can tell us about the influence of the sociocultural environment on development and the implications for development of being a part of one generation or another |
weaknesses of cross-sectional designs | Answer: there can be differences in the way members of certain cohorts grew up
because each person is observed at only one point, researchers learn nothing about how people change with age |
strengths of longitudinal designs | Answer: measures age changes
can tell whether most people change in the sam direction or whether different individuals travel different developmental paths
can indicate whether the characteristics and behaviors measured remain consistent over time
(cross-sectional design can't do any of these) |
weaknesses of longitudinal designs | Answer: focused on only one cohort
costs a lot and takes a lot of time
measurement methods that seemed good at the start of the study may be outdated now
effects of repeated testing |
strengths of sequential designs | Answer: combo of both cross sectional design and longitudinal
(in short, they can begin to untangle the effects of age, cohort, and time of measurement)
they can tell researchers which age related trends are truly developmental in nature and reflect how most people, regardless of cohort, can be expected to change over time
they can tell them which age trends differ from cohort to cohort and suggest that each generation is affected by its distinct growing up experiences
they can tell them which trends suggest that events during a specific period of history affect all cohorts alive at the time |
weaknesses of sequential designs | Answer: complex, and very expensive |