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Lifespan Development Exam 1 Part 4
This deck covers key concepts from Piaget's cognitive developmental theory, Vygotsky's perspective, information processing, and genetic principles related to human development.
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
children actively construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
children actively construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences
Piaget's 4 stages of development
1. sensorimotor (explore world through senses and motor skills; unable to use symbols)
2. pre-operational (can use symbols, but isn't yet able to use ...
Piaget's adaptation
Piaget's adaptation is the process of learning through assimilation and accommodation to adjust to the environment.
Piaget's -child's construction of his cognitive understanding
Piaget saw a child's cognitive understanding as actively built through interacting with the environment.
Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective on cognitive development
cognitive development is shaped by the sociocultural context in which it occurs and grows out of children's interactions with members of their culture
information processing approach
likens the human mind to a computer with hardware and software and examines the fundamental process involved in performing cognitive tasks
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory | children actively construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences |
Piaget's 4 stages of development | 1. sensorimotor (explore world through senses and motor skills; unable to use symbols)
2. pre-operational (can use symbols, but isn't yet able to use logical problem solving)
3. concrete operations (are able to use trial and error and do well in problems that involve thinking)
4. formal operations (think more abstractly and hypothetically)
invariant sequence (experienced in that exact order without repeating a stage or skipping one) |
Piaget's adaptation | Piaget's adaptation is the process of learning through assimilation and accommodation to adjust to the environment. |
Piaget's -child's construction of his cognitive understanding | Piaget saw a child's cognitive understanding as actively built through interacting with the environment. |
Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective on cognitive development | cognitive development is shaped by the sociocultural context in which it occurs and grows out of children's interactions with members of their culture |
information processing approach | likens the human mind to a computer with hardware and software and examines the fundamental process involved in performing cognitive tasks |
contextual theories | aka systems theories
claim that changes over a lifespan come from ongoing transactions in which a changing organism and a changing environment affect one another |
Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory | stressed that biology and environment both interact to produce development
a person's genetic makeup and biological and psychological characteristics are embedded in a series of environmental systems |
microsystem | immediate physical and social environment in which the person interacts face to face with other people and influences and is affected by them |
mesosystem | consists of interrelationships between two or more microsystems (arguments at home affect how you do in school) |
exosystem | linkages involving social settings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development (mom's work....because mom comes home stressed and she snaps at child) |
macrosystem | larger cultural context where the microsystem, mesosystem, and ecosystem are embedded. |
What are the primary assumptions of Darwin's theory of evolution ? | 1. there are genetic variations in each species
2. some genes help with adaptation more than others do
3. genes that help adaptation will be passed down more often than genes that don't (natural selection) |
species heredity | the genetic endowment that members of a species have in common, including genes that influence biological maturation and aging processes |
Describe human heredity | Human heredity is the transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring through DNA. |
zygote | fertilized egg |
chromosome | threadlike bodies in the nucleus that are made up of genes |
meiosis | sex cell division (sperm and ova are produced) |
mitosis | cell division (growth of human from fertilized egg)
divides to produce two identical cells each containing the same 46 chromosomes |
crossing over | when pairs of chromosomes line up before they separate, they cross each other and parts of them are exchanged |
identical twins | came from one fertilized egg that divided to form two or more genetically identical people |
fraternal twins | when two eggs are released at about the same time and each is fertilized by a different sperm |
genotype | genetic makeup a person inherits |
phenotype | characteristics the person eventually has |
dominant gene | strong gene that will be expressed when paired with a recessive one |
recessive gene | weak gene that will be dominated |