Medicine /Medical Terminology: Oncology & Pathology Part 4
Define: colonoscopy
A specific type of endoscopy used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities, including polyps and cancer. The colonoscopy revealed several polyps that were removed for further testing.
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Term
Definition
Define: colonoscopy
A specific type of endoscopy used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities, including polyps and cancer. The colonoscopy revealed several pol...
Define: tumor marker tests (e.g., PSA, CA-125)
Blood tests used to measure substances produced by tumors or the body in response to cancer, helping in diagnosis and monitoring. The physician ordere...
Define: liquid biopsy
A minimally invasive test that detects cancer cells or genetic material from tumors in blood samples, providing insights into cancer presence and prog...
Define: complete blood count (CBC)
A common blood test that measures various components of blood, including red and white blood cells, used to assess overall health and detect disorders...
Define: bone marrow biopsy
A procedure that involves taking a sample of bone marrow for examination to diagnose blood disorders, including leukemia and lymphoma. The hematologis...
Define: lumbar puncture
A medical procedure that involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing. A lumbar puncture wa...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: colonoscopy | A specific type of endoscopy used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities, including polyps and cancer. The colonoscopy revealed several polyps that were removed for further testing. |
Define: tumor marker tests (e.g., PSA, CA-125) | Blood tests used to measure substances produced by tumors or the body in response to cancer, helping in diagnosis and monitoring. The physician ordered tumor marker tests to assess the patient’s prostate cancer status. |
Define: liquid biopsy | A minimally invasive test that detects cancer cells or genetic material from tumors in blood samples, providing insights into cancer presence and progression. The oncologist recommended a liquid biopsy to monitor the patient's response to treatment. |
Define: complete blood count (CBC) | A common blood test that measures various components of blood, including red and white blood cells, used to assess overall health and detect disorders. The complete blood count (CBC) showed a low hemoglobin level, indicating anemia. |
Define: bone marrow biopsy | A procedure that involves taking a sample of bone marrow for examination to diagnose blood disorders, including leukemia and lymphoma. The hematologist performed a bone marrow biopsy to evaluate abnormal blood counts. |
Define: lumbar puncture | A medical procedure that involves inserting a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing. A lumbar puncture was performed to rule out central nervous system involvement of the cancer. |
Define: pap smear | A screening procedure for cervical cancer that involves collecting cells from the cervix to detect precancerous changes. The results of the Pap smear indicated the need for further evaluation. |
Define: genetic testing | A medical test that analyzes DNA to identify genetic predispositions to certain diseases, including various cancers. The family history prompted genetic testing for BRCA mutations. |
Define: staging laparoscopy | A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to assess the extent of cancer by visually examining the abdominal cavity and possibly taking biopsies. The surgeon performed a staging laparoscopy to evaluate the spread of the disease. |
Define: sentinel lymph node biopsy | A surgical procedure that removes and examines the sentinel lymph node(s) to determine if cancer has spread from the primary tumor. The sentinel lymph node biopsy helped guide the treatment plan for her breast cancer. |
Define: chemotherapy | A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth, often administered intravenously or orally. The patient began chemotherapy to treat her aggressive lymphoma. |
Define: radiation therapy | A treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors, often used in conjunction with other therapies. The oncologist recommended radiation therapy to target the remaining tumor. |
Define: immunotherapy | A type of cancer treatment that harnesses the body's immune system to fight cancer, often using checkpoint inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. The patient was enrolled in a clinical trial for immunotherapy targeting melanoma. |
Define: targeted therapy | A type of cancer treatment that specifically targets cancer cells based on their genetic or molecular characteristics, minimizing damage to normal cells. The oncologist discussed targeted therapy options based on the tumor's genetic profile. |
Define: hormone therapy | A treatment that slows or stops the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors by blocking the body's natural hormones or lowering hormone levels. She started hormone therapy to manage her breast cancer. |
Define: monoclonal antibodies | Laboratory-made molecules that can mimic the immune system's ability to fight off harmful pathogens, often used in cancer treatment to target specific antigens. The patient was treated with monoclonal antibodies to target her lymphoma. |
Define: car t-cell therapy | A form of immunotherapy that modifies a patient's T cells to better recognize and attack cancer cells. After exhausting traditional treatments, the patient opted for CAR T-cell therapy. |
Define: stem cell transplant | A medical procedure that replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells, often used in the treatment of blood cancers. The doctor recommended a stem cell transplant following the patient's remission. |
Define: bone marrow transplant | A procedure that involves replacing diseased or damaged bone marrow with healthy bone marrow, which can be obtained from the patient or a donor. A bone marrow transplant was necessary to treat the patient's leukemia. |
Define: palliative care | A specialized medical care focused on providing relief from symptoms and stress of serious illness, aiming to improve quality of life for patients and families. The team provided palliative care to manage the patient's pain and improve comfort. |