Psychology /Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 11 Discovering Psychology Notes Part 1
Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 11 Discovering Psychology Notes Part 1
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 11 of Discovering Psychology, focusing on social situations, evolutionary psychology, person perception, and social cognition.
Being alone In the presence of others In front of a crowd of onlookers
Social situations
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Being alone
In the presence of others
In front of a crowd of onlookers
Social situations
Take a consistent form in diverse cultures
Universal
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Plays a key role in how you act in perceive and react to others.
Sense of self
Based on the premise that certain psychological patterns evolved over hundreds of thousands of years.
Adaptive, increasing the odds of survival for humans who displayed those qualities.
Increased the genetic transmission of those patterns to subsequent generations
Evolutionary psychology
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Social cognition
Social influence
Two key factors of social psychology
how we form impressions of other people
How we interpret the meaning of other people’s behavior
How our behavior is affected by our attitudes
Social cognition
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Being alone
In the presence of others
In front of a crowd of onlookers | Social situations |
Take a consistent form in diverse cultures | Universal |
Plays a key role in how you act in perceive and react to others. | Sense of self |
Based on the premise that certain psychological patterns evolved over hundreds of thousands of years.
Adaptive, increasing the odds of survival for humans who displayed those qualities.
Increased the genetic transmission of those patterns to subsequent generations | Evolutionary psychology |
Social cognition
Social influence | Two key factors of social psychology |
how we form impressions of other people
How we interpret the meaning of other people’s behavior
How our behavior is affected by our attitudes | Social cognition |
Why we conform to group norms
What compels us to obey an authority figure
Under what circumstances we will help a stranger
What leads us to behave in ways that intentionally harm other people. | Social influence |
Situations that involve interactions between two or more people. | Interpersonal context |
Largely by looking at people’s faces, regardless of their actual personalities.
Evaluate the person’s attractiveness, likeability, competence, trustworthiness, and aggressiveness in a mere tenth of a second. | First impressions |
Interpersonal context
First impressions | Categories under person perception |
Your reactions to others are determined by your perceptions of them, not by who they really are.
Your self-perception also influences how you perceive others and how you act on your perceptions.
Your goals in a particular situation determine the amount and kinds of information your collect about others.
In every situation, you evaluate people partly in terms of how you expect them to act within that particular context. | 4 key principles that guide person perception and influence your decision |
The perceptions we have of others
Our self-perceptions
Our goals
The social norms for that contexts | 4 components that guiding principals demonstrate |
Our first impression can take a while to change, even though they are often wrong. It can color our overall impression of a person.
Initial information tends to create a “halo” around a person, and it becomes harder to notice new information that might conflict with the initial judgement. | Halo effect |
Other person’s gender
age
clothing | How you may socially categorize people with a quick glance. - easily observable features |
Prior beliefs about different social categories can trigger impulse social reactions ranging from very positive to very negative.
ethnicity
weight
sexual orientation
religious beliefs
possible evolutionary origins | Can trigger implicit social reactions |
True or false:
Babies less than a week old spend more time looking at attractive faces than unattractive faces. | True - people of all ages tend to agree on facial attractivenes |
Mental frameworks
influenced by previous social and cultural experiences. | Schemas |
As a result of cultural conditioning, most people have an implicit personality theory that associates _____ ________with a wide range of desirable characteristics. | Physical attractiveness |
Perceived as being:
More intelligent
Happier
Better adjusted
Sensitive
Honest
Sociable
Assertive
Emotionally stable
Higher self esteem
Also perceived more accurately - people pay more attention to their features | Good-looking people |
These people do tend to be happier, primarily because they also tended to have improved economic outcomes, such as higher salaries and more successful spouses.
receive more favorable treatment from other people such as parents, teachers, employers, and peers.
Evoke positive emotional outcomes | Attractive people |
Relegating someone to a social category on the basis of this ignores that person’s unique qualities. | Superficial information -con |
Natural
Adaptive
Efficient cognitive process
Provide us with considerable basic information about other people
Making rapid judgements about strangers is probably an evolved characteristic that conferred survival in our evolutionary past. | Social categories pros |
You’re much more aware of the extent to which your behavior has been influenced by situational factors.
You know more information about yourself in situations than you do about other people in situations. | Why there is a discrepancy in accounting for the behavior of others compared to your own behavior. |
When people credit themselves for their success. | Internal attributions |
When people blame their failures on external circumstances. | External attributions |