Psychology /Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 11 Discovering Psychology Notes Part 2
Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 11 Discovering Psychology Notes Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 11 of the Discovering Psychology notes, focusing on self-serving bias, cognitive dissonance, stereotypes, and social influence.
Psychologists explain this as an attempt to save face and protect self-esteem in the face of failure.
Self-serving bias
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Psychologists explain this as an attempt to save face and protect self-esteem in the face of failure.
Self-serving bias
True or false: The self serving bias is universal.
False- It is far from universal.
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When you have mixed feeling about an issue, person, or group.
Ambivalent
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Cognitive component Affective component Behavioral component
Three components for attitudes
Your thoughts about a given topic or object or object.
Cognitive component
Emotional component
Affective component
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Psychologists explain this as an attempt to save face and protect self-esteem in the face of failure. | Self-serving bias |
True or false: The self serving bias is universal. | False- It is far from universal. |
When you have mixed feeling about an issue, person, or group. | Ambivalent |
Cognitive component Affective component Behavioral component | Three components for attitudes |
Your thoughts about a given topic or object or object. | Cognitive component |
Emotional component | Affective component |
Attitudes are reflected in action. | Behavioral component |
You anticipate a favorable outcome or response from others for behaving that way. Your attitudes are extreme or are frequently expressed. You are very knowledgable about the subject. You have a vested interest in the subject and personally stand to gain or lose something on a specific issue. | You are most likely to behave in accordance with your attitudes when:(from: the effect of attitudes on behavior) |
Tension This is so unpleasant that we are strongly motivated to reduce it. | Dissonance |
Perfections | Cognitions |
Commonly occurs in situations in which you become uncomfortably aware that your behavior and your attitudes are in conflict. Your original attitude versus the realization that your behavior contradicts that attitude. If you can easily rationalize your behavior an make it consistent with your attitude, then your dissonance can quickly and easily be resolved. Since you can't go back and change your behavior, you change your attitude to match your behavior. | Cognitive dissonance |
True or false: The response of the brain showing distress, arousal, emotion and conflicts within seconds after a person makes a decision do not seem to be unique to adults or even humans. | True |
Cognitive dissonance also influences how we frame decisions we have made when we have chosen between two alternatives. After you make a choice, you emphasize the negative features of the choice you've rejected. | Commonly called "Sour Grapes" rationalization |
After you make a choice, you emphasize the positive features to which you have committed yourself to. | "Sweet lemons" rationalization |
People from different groups, such as from a different racial and ethnic groups, are far more alike than they are different. Any differences that may exist between members of different groups are far smaller than differences among various members of the same group. | Two well-established points to keep in mind when talking about prejudice |
Race and ethnicity Sexual orientation Gender identity Religion Age Persons identification with multiple groups | Things that people can be prejudiced about |
Based on the assumption that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group. Typically include qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define a given category. Simplify social information so that we can sort out, process, and remember information about other people more easily. | Stereotypes |
Being aware that your social group is associated with a particular stereotype can negatively impact your performance on tests or tasks that measure abilities that are thought to be associated with that stereotype. | Stereotype threat |
When stereotypic beliefs become expectations that are applied to all members of a given group, stereotypes can be both misleading and damaging. When confronted with evidence that contradicts a stereotype, people tend to discount that information in a variety of ways. | Problems with stereotyping |
In-group Out-group | Two categories that people have a strong tendency to perceive others as. |
Not necessarily limited to racial, ethnic, or religious boundaries | In-group and out-group categories |
A computer based test that measures the degree to which you associate particular groups of people with specific characteristics or attributes. sexual orientation Weight Disability Racial and Ethnic groups Also used to measure the strength of stereotyped associations | Implicit Association Test (IAT) |
The psychological study of how our behavior is influenced by the social environment and other people. | Social influence |
Normative social influence Informational social influence | Two basic reasons people find themselves conforming to the larger group. |
Having an alley If competence is questionable | Things that lessen conformity |