Psychology /Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 9 Discovering Psychology Vocabulary Part 2
Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapter 9 Discovering Psychology Vocabulary Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, stages of adolescence, and various parenting styles.
In Piaget's theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects.
Sensorimotor Stage
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects.
Sensorimotor Stage
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The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen.
Object Permanence
In Piaget's theory, the second stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about age 2 to age 7; characterized by increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.
Preoperational Stage
The ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent the world.
Symbolic Thought
In Piaget's theory, the inability to take another person's perspective or point of view.
Egocentrism
In Piaget's theory, the inability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or logical operations.
Irreversibility
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
In Piaget's theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects. | Sensorimotor Stage |
The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen. | Object Permanence |
In Piaget's theory, the second stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about age 2 to age 7; characterized by increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes. | Preoperational Stage |
The ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent the world. | Symbolic Thought |
In Piaget's theory, the inability to take another person's perspective or point of view. | Egocentrism |
In Piaget's theory, the inability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or logical operations. | Irreversibility |
In Piaget's theory, the tendency to focus, or center, on only one aspect of a situation and ignore other important aspects of the situation. | Centration |
In Piaget's theory, the understanding that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance of rearranged, as long as nothing is added or subtracted. | Conservation |
In Piaget's theory, the third stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about age 7 to adolescence; characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations. | Concrete Operational Stage |
In Piaget's theory, the fourth stage of cognitive development, which lasts from adolescence through adulthood; characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations. | Formal Operational Stage |
In Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, the difference between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the help of others who are more competent. | Zone of Proximal Development |
The model that views cognitive development as a process that is continuous over the lifespan and that studies the development of basic mental processes such as attention, memory, and problem solving. | Information-Processing Model of Cognitive Development |
The transitional stage between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, during which sexual maturity is reached. | Adolescence |
The stage of adolescence in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction. | Puberty |
Sexual organs that are directly involved in reproduction, such as the uterus, ovaries, penis, and testicles. | Primary Sex Characteristics |
Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction but differentiate between the sexes, such as male facial hair and female breast development. | Secondary Sex Characteristics |
That period of accelerated growth during puberty, involving rapid increases in height and weight. | Adolescent Growth Spurt |
A female's first menstrual period, which occurs during puberty. | Menarche |
A person's sense of self, including his or her memories, experiences, and the values and beliefs that guide his or her behavior. | Identity |
The aspect of cognitive development that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions. | Moral Reasoning |
In industrialized countries, the stage of lifespan from approximately the late teens to the mid-to-late-20's, which is characterized by exploration, instability, and flexibility in social roles, vocational choices, and relationships. | Emerging Adulthood |
The natural cessation of menstruation and the end of reproductive capacity in women. | Menopause |
The psychosocial theory that life satisfaction in late adulthood is highest when people maintain the level of activity they displayed earlier in life. | Activity Theory of Aging |
Parenting style in which parents are demanding and unresponsive toward their children's needs or wishes. | Authoritarian Parenting Style |
Parenting style in which parents are extremely tolerant and not demanding; permissive-indulgent parents are responsive to their children, while permissive-indifferent parents are unresponsive. | Permissive Parenting Style |
Parenting style in which parents can set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to their children's needs and wishes. | Authoritative Parenting Style |
A discipline technique that combines parental control with explaining why a behavior is prohibited. | Induction |