Psychology /Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapters 11-12 Discovering Psychology Vocabulary Part 2
Mors 200 Arts Final - Chapters 11-12 Discovering Psychology Vocabulary Part 2
This deck covers key terms and concepts from Chapters 11-12 of a psychology course, focusing on social identity, cognition, and behavior.
An individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences; your sense of who you are in relation to other people.
Sense of Self
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
An individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences; your sense of who you are in relation to other people.
Sense of Self
The mental process people use to make sense of their social environments.
Social cognition
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The effect of situational factors and other people on an individual's behavior.
Social influence
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The mental processes we use to form judgements and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people.
Person perception
The 'rules' or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation.
Social norms
The mental process of categorizing people into groups (or social categories) on the basis of their shared characteristics.
Social categorization
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
An individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences; your sense of who you are in relation to other people. | Sense of Self |
The mental process people use to make sense of their social environments. | Social cognition |
The effect of situational factors and other people on an individual's behavior. | Social influence |
The mental processes we use to form judgements and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people. | Person perception |
The 'rules' or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation. | Social norms |
The mental process of categorizing people into groups (or social categories) on the basis of their shared characteristics. | Social categorization |
Deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgements, decisions, and reasoning. | Explicit cognition |
Automatic, nonconscious mental processes that influence perceptions, judgements, decisions, and reasoning. | Implicit cognition |
A network of assumptions or beliefs about the relationships among various types of people, traits, and behaviors. | Implicit personality theory |
The mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including one's own. Also refers to the explanation made for a particular behavior. | Attribution |
The tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors; an attributional bias that is common in individualistic cultures. | Fundamental attribution error |
The tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of internal, personal factors. | Actor-observer bias |
The tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it. | Blaming the victim |
The tendency to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event. | Hindsight bias |
The assumption that the world is fair and that therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. | Just-world hypothesis |
The tendency to attribute successful outcomes of one's own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external, situational causes. | Self-serving bias |
A learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way; such evaluations may be positive, negative, or ambivalent. | Attitude |
An unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal (dissonance) that occurs when two thoughts or perceptions (cognitions) are inconsistent; typically results from the awareness that attitudes and behavior are in conflict. | Cognitive dissonance |
A negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group. | Prejudice |
A cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group. | Stereotype |
A social group to which one belongs. | In-group |
A social group to which one does not belong. | Out-group |
The tendency to see members of out-groups as very similar to one another. | Out-group homogeneity effect |
The tendency to judge the behavior of in-group members favorably and out-group members unfavorably. | In-group bias |
Preferences and biases toward particular groups that are automatic, spontaneous, unintentional, and often unconscious; measured with the implicit associations test. | Implicit attitudes |
Adjusting your opinions, judgements, or behaviors so that they match the opinions, judgements, or behaviors of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation. | Conformity |
Behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval. | Normative social influence |
The performance of a behavior in response to a direct command. | Obedience |
Helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit. | Altruism |
Any behavior that helps another, whether the underlying motive is self-serving or selfless. | Prosocial behavior |