Mors 200 Arts Final - Funeral Service Psychology and Counseling 2 Part 3

Disasters in which dead bodies are exposed. Clearly linked to mental health problems Exposure of victims to life-threatening situations (terror), in which they witness or directly experience overwhelming forces is like to generate psychological impairment Earthquakes, volcanoes, flash floods, tornadoes, accidents, or terrorist attacks. Terror and horror are more likely to be experienced in intense disasters that are unexpected or those which the victims have had no previous experience. Allow for no time for preparation and do psychological damage by undermining the survivors' sense of control

Particularly threat of recurrence after an initial impact. More likely to generate mental health problems than disasters unaccompanied by prolonged threatperiods Post-impact threat is more stressful than pre-impact threat and often occurs after natural disasters

Crying Thumb-sucking Loss of bowel, bladder control Fear of being left alone, fear of strangers Irritability Confusion Irritibility

Headaches, other physical complaints Depression Fears about weather, safety Confusion Suspicion Inability to concentrate Poor performance Fighting Withdrawal from peers

Headaches, other physical complaints Depression Suspicion Irritability Confusion Poor performance Aggressive behaviors Withdrawal and isolation Changes in peer group, friends

Psychosomatic problems, such as ulcers, heart trouble Withdrawal Anger Loss of appetite Sleep problems Loss of interest in everyday activities

Depression Withdrawal Apathy Agitation, anger Irritability Disorientation Confusion Memory loss Accelerated physical decline Increase in number of somatic complaints

Necessity of developing rapport information or referrals that can help them deal with immediate problems Encourage and approve of the expressing emotions or catharsis Be patient and understanding of the uniqueness of their responses- this is due to their fragile state.

An act or practice of allowing the death of a person suffering from al ife-limiting condition.

Voluntary active euthanasia Involuntary active euthanasia Passive euthanasia Physician- assisted suicide

A deliberate intervention by someone other than the person whose life is at stake. Ends the life of a competent, terminally ill person who makes a fully voluntary and persistant request for aid in dying.

An intervention intended to kill a person who is incapable of making a request to die: an infant or young child, a mentally incompetent patient or someone, who because of impaired consciousness, is unable to give voice to his opinion.

The forging or withdrawal of medical treatment that offers no hope or benefit to the total well-being of the patient with the intent of causing death.

When a physician provides medication or other means for a patient to use on himself to end life. The physician does not control the act, the patient does.

Not a phenomenon of the 21st century- reports go back thousands of years ancient Greeks and Romans- Aristotle and Pythagorus were opposed to it Post-classical period, with the ascendancy of Christianity, acceptance of euthanasia varied. 20th century- culminated in the near unanimity of medical opposition to it. Sir Thomas Moore presented one of the earliest theoretical discussions of euthanasia in English literature in 1516 (ibid).

An abnormal grief response that is more intense than normal grief, yet different than clinical depression.

A reaction that is prolonged, expressive in duration, and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion.

A reaction that does not occur in a normal timeframe but occurs at a later time.

Occurs when a person experiences symptoms and behavior which causes them difficulty but they do not recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.

Occurs when the reactions to the loss are excessive and disabling.

Kenneth Dakota introduced this term to describe a loss that society believes does not deserve mourning. The loss is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly shared.

Chronic grief Delayed grief Masked grief Exaggerated grief Disenfranchised grief

Relationship to the deceased is not socially recognized. -This would include relationships such as homosexual relationships, extramarital affairs, or heterosexual cohabitation. Loss is not acknowledged by others being as a genuine loss. -Examples include abortion, miscarriage, pet loss, and death of a former spouse. The grievers are unrecognized. -Examples include the death of a friend, co-worker, or someone mentally disabled. Death is not socially sanctioned.- Examples include suicide, auto-erotic asphyxia, or legal execution.

Relationship factors -such as ambivalence Circumstantial factors - Such as uncertainty and multiple losses or when the death is sudden, traumatic, or shocking. Personality factors - Such as the inability to tolerate extreme emotional issues, negative self concept. Social factors - Such as shame, embarrassment, or social stigma, when death is not approved by society, or not strong support group.- ie- suicide, execution or a crime Historical factors - such as previous complicated grief reactions or the influence of early parental loss

Relationship factors Circumstantial factors Personality factors Social factors Historical factors

If left untreated, this may lead to depression, suicide, drug or alcohol abuse, or even heart disease.- 15-20% of all mourners will have their grief turn into this.

They have difficulty speaking of the deceased without experiencing renewed and intense grief. They constantly bring up the themes of death and loss in even the most causal conversations They have ongoing sleep problems sleeping too much or too little that persist for more than 6 weeks. They make sudden and radical changes in lifestyle They exhibit self-destructive behavior, i.e., excessive drinking substance abuse, promiscuity Without any real medical problems, they develop some of the same symptoms of the deceased person experienced just before death- Continued disbelief in the death of the loved one.- Inability to accept the death- Presistent flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive memories- Magnified and prolong grief symptoms: anger, sadness, or depression- Maintenance of a fantasy relationship with the deceased with feelings that he is always present and watching. Continuous yearning and searching of the deceased Unusual symptoms that seem unrelated to the death (physical symptoms, strange or abnormal behavior) Breaking off all ties to social contacts

They avoid anyone or anything associated with the deceased including friends, family, and previously shared activities Even relatively minor events trigger an intense grief reaction They exhibit consistent symptoms of depression, especially extreme and persistent feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and lowered self-esteem. Their ability to manage everyday responsibilities at work, school, or home is significantly imparied.