Mors 200 Arts Final - Klicker Chapter 14- Cemetery/Mausoleum Part 2

Front, back, top and sides of the memorial are smooth.

Gives the stone a natural rough finish. Many upright memorials and bases Appears simple to create, but is not, requires great skill to create a "natural" versus an artificial appearance. Artisan uses a hammer and a set of chisels to create the desired product.

Serpentine Oval Straight

Epitaph Sand-Carving Etching Cenotaph

An inscription on a monument to commemorate the deeds or qulities of the departed.

Most often used in lettering and creating the ornamentation that is present on the memorial. craftsmen place a rubber stencil on the memorial, then use a direct stream of abrasive blown under high pressure (approx. 100 psi) against the memorial. When the stream strikes the rubber, it bounces off, but wehre the rubber has been cut away, the stream etches a pattern into the stone. Produces a

2 dimensional design such as lettering.

Normally done on dark granite for more contrast. Skilled workers use a diamond tip-engraving tool to remove some of the polished areas of the granite. As the polished areas are removed, the lighter etched areas remain to create beautiful works of art. Families are able to etch into the memorial picutures of the deceased or favorite versus or interests.

A monument erected to the memory of the dead, with the dead human body not present.

A building containing crypts of vaults for entombment; an above ground structure for burial.

First above ground tombs credited to Egyptian Pharaohs.

353 BC- the first mausoleum was constructed by the Persian Queen Artemisia for her husband Mausolus. Mausolus was a satrap (governor) of the Persian Empire and virtual ruler of Caria in southwestern Anatolia, from 377/376 to 353 BC. After he died at a relatively young age, Artemisia honored him with a tomb that was so spectacular that his name has become synonymous with all above ground tombs (Mausoleums).

Private/family mausolea Community moausolea Chapel Community Mausolea Garden Mausolea

A very premium form of above-gound entombment. Constructed to provide above-ground entombment to an individual or family at a pre-selected site at the cemetery. There are several factors to consider with these: The expense associated with the construction of the mausoleum Cemetery restrictions and regulations The number of individuals to be entombed in the mausoleum The style of mausoleum to be constructed

Designed to accomodate a large number of people. More affordable than private mausoleums- cost of construction and care is spread out among a larger group of people. Provided cemeteries with opportunities to efficiently make use of land in the cemetery. Because the availability of developable burial space in cemeteries being at a premium, above ground entombment have been increasing.

A building with indoor crypt spaces, climate controlled for year round comfort, and can offer a quiet setting with natural lighting, carpet, stained glass windows, features, seating areas and a comfortable atmosphere for services or for all who visit their loved ones.

A building with all exterior, outdoor crypt spaces. There can be features and benches around the Mausoleum.

A chamber in a mausoleum, of sufficient size, generally used to contain the casketed remains of a deceased person.

A grave space where two or more persons may be buried in a grave liner which have been stacked one on top of the other, with the first person who dies being buried in the deepest grave liner with subsequent burials on top.

A structure, room, or space in a mausoleum or other building containing niches or recesses used to hold cremated remains.

A recess or space in a columbarium used for the permanent placing of cremated remains.

Some want clean, dry, above-ground entombment Some individuals do not want to be put in the ground Some want to make it more conveinent for their loved ones to visit during inclement weather.

The four major concerns that exist are bodily fluid leakage, decomposition odors, infestation and casket deterioration over time. These concerns have continued to exist regardless of: Geographical location- north, south, east or west Type of mausoleum- chapel, garden and private family mausoleum Type of construction- poured-in-place or pre-cast concrete crypts Type of caskets entombed- gasketed-metal, non-gasketed metal or wood caskets Quality of the entombment procedures Age of the mausoleum Extent of an integrated pest-management program

Body fluid leakage Decomposition odor Infestation Casket deterioration…over time

Most of the time fluids flow into the adjacent crypts and the crypt chambers beneath the problem crypt The fluids can exit a crypt even when the plastic shutter is perfectly caulked in place because concrete is porous Once the fluids reach the granite or marble front, severe staining occurs New crypt fronts need to be used and old fronts are removed from the mausoleum

The vent in the front of the crypt chamber is designed to evacuate the odor from the chamber. When the flow of air is limited or non-existent, the decomposition odor is absorbed into the concrete and can become recognizable in the mausoleum.

The Phorid Fly, Megaselia Scalaris, has become a persistent pest of the mausoleum industry. Can become so intolerable that visitors are forced to leave the building Many families and visitors find the insect electrocution lights loaded with dead flies to be equally disgusting. (male flies are most attracted to these) Bigh lights detract from the beauty of hte building and interrupt prayer and meditation Conventional pest-control methods are not effective on mausoleum Phorid flies because the source of the problem is within the occupied crypt chamber. This increases as the mausoleum structures age and become more occupied Even with operational improvements, vetilation, crypt sealing, etc., this insect proved much too difficult to control.

Control the casket by the use of a casket protector Pesticide program that will reduce the population by killing female flies

Recognizable problems have occurred with caskets entombed only

9 days from the date of entombment. Caskets have become active for fluid leakage, odors and infestation after being entombed for 30+ years.

In ground removals to the mausoleum Transfer cases from other cemeteries Temporary entombment's communicable diseases cases Poorly embalmed cases Unembalmed cases Problem cases that become recognizable years after entombment

A sealed unit that is designed to provide a controlled environment for the casket. Covers both wood and metal caskets Engineered to allow gases to escape, contain liquids, and control infestation

Maintain the overall quality of the cemetery/mausoleum Contribute to the general well being of the environment Provide additional peace of mind and comfort to the families of the deceased.