Music and World Cultures Exam 3

view of an event or performance from a distance, from a detached viewpoint

view of an event or performance from within a setting into which the spectator views (360) (from the center, immersed)

small musics within big music cultures

the legal protection of intellectual property

a manager of performers or a director of a concert series

A group of people who share a common identity and related practices, whether based on ethnicity, religion, language, or generation, that are perceived as distinct from others within a given society

The sphere of musical interaction that involves the power of the state and international industries, and the assumptions and expectations they generate

The sphere of interaction between musical subcultures

A small, four-stringd Hawaiian chordophone that became popular in the twentieth century

an indigenous hawaiian dance form associated with native chants, later accompanied by Western instruments for tourists

Harmonics produced on the steel guitar by flattening the strings with the palm of the hand

Technique in Western music when a chord is played one pitch at a time, usually from bottom to top

Vocal technique where a singer produces a break in tone when switching from chest to head voice

A large Indonesian ensemble consisting mainly of metallophones

A type of Balinese gamelan, known particularly for its shimmering sound and interlocking parts.

Twentieth-century Balinese dance drama performed for tourists

One of the two main tuning systems of Indonesian gamelan music

A new creative work for Balinese gamelan

An Indonesian term for the interlocking parts heard in Balinese gamelan music

A grouping or measure, of two beats

A scale that contains five pitches, or the music that is based on such scales

The addition of one or more notes in slight anticipation of a pitch

A regular fluctuation or trembling of a sound, produced by varying the intensity of the sound

A musical gesture that entails sliding from one pitch to another

A Chinese plucked lute with roots in central Asia

Chinese free reed aerophone with vertical pipes

Chinese bowed lute

A short musical pattern that is continually repaeted

A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound

Gradual increase in volume from very soft to very loud

Literate music traditions are more complex than non-literate musical traditions

Within a given society notations typically develop after _ notation

fake books typically contain

formalized system used for signaling, memorizing, and teaching

The type of musical notation used in the 10th- or 11th-century manuscript of "Ad te levavi" tells how to sing the song, not what the song is.

The earliest known alphabetical system of music notation originates from

In Western Europe, which type of music first acquired a written notation

What is the oldest recording device

The first visual representations of musical sounds originate from

One of the earliest descriptions of Western music from the Middle Ages

The current Western system of musical notation specifies which of the following components of any musical sound

addition of notes to those specified as notes

What are the two motivations behind the use of notation

At the foundation of the Western musical system, the basic unit of music-writing was the syllable, not the musical note

In Greece, Mesopotamia, and Pharonic Egypt, which type of music first acquired a written notation

Music notation in ancient Greece was principally developed to circulate and preserve specific compositions

give instructions for making the music rather than indicating the music itself (the player doesn't have to know how the music will sound)

use signs people already know and don't take up a large amount of writing space with a complicated grid or lots of open space

give directions for what to do and includes indications for volume and for the means of getting from one note to the next

show the structural divisions of a text and guide a singer in performing that text

Written notation does this

The use of notation and the form it takes are the result of the social and cultural context in which it has been developed

Written notation is a phenomenon of literate social classes

Neumes indicate the number of notes, the melodic shape, and what the specific notes are

five horizontally parallel lines

fixes the location of one particular pitch on a staff

locate pitches lying above or below any staff

total duration between adjacent bar lines

vertical lines running through the staff or staves that mark off a fixed number of some note-value or the equivalent duration

Professionals use fake books

Traditional Western notation was designed to accurately notate musics from all musical traditions from around the globe

Fake books are used

are an informal collection of scores used by performing musicians and as a tool for learning

The earliest books of Western music contain words only

Many fake books are unreliable and some are notoriously inaccurate

Indigenous peoples of which region use no written notation

Which was NOT an important institution for the spread of bhangra in North America?

Capoeira performance takes place in a ring called a (n):

The tango’s choreography, postures, dress, and music are based on the figure of the compadrito, or:

How does the pas de deux in classical ballet transmit messages about sexuality and gender roles?

Which term refers to the middle section of the angoleiros tradition of capoeira, consisting of a responsorial part that is also known as the "prayer" or "praising"?

The instrumental tango declined in prominence in the 1960s because it was replaced by the tango song.

Which term refers to the rural Argentinean cowboys whose musical sounds laid an important basis for tango music?

Which term refers to a Chinese plucked lute?

a type of button accordion brought to Argentina by German immigrants, which came to displace the guitar in tango ensembles

Which term refers to a short musical pattern that is repeated?

standard steps for tango

What was the focus of early controversies about the tango?

What factor gave tango, initially associated with poverty and ill repute, respectability in Argentina?

What role did bhangra play for South Asian youths in Great Britain by the 1960s?

The tango song La Cumparsita seems dramatic because of the acceleration of tempo, or ritardando.

Dance can communicate:

Which of the following is a case in which Western intellectual property laws—which assume that ownership of music is an individual right—become ethically and economically problematic?

How does sung tango differ from the instrumental form of the dance?

The movements of martial arts, such as capoeira, often lack expressive or philosophical significance.

The orchestra that accompanies capoeira is called a (n):

When and where did capoeira emerge?

The dhol is a large drum played to accompany Punjabi harvest festival dances performed by men and women.

How does a player produce different pitches and timbres on the berimbau?

What were the cellist Yo-Yo Ma's main goals when he launched the Silk Road Project?

An Arangetram is typically performed by a young woman of South Asian descent to:

The most important component of capoeira movements is ginga, or:

What does the term dohl refer to in relation to the bhangra tradition?

Grace notes, fingered tremolo, glissando, and high harmonics are ornaments that are distinctive to which Chinese instrument?

What are "steps" or "figures" in the tango tradition?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the tango was associated with the lower classes in Argentina?

Which term refers to the fundamental motion of capoeira—the "sway" of the player's body from side to side in wide-legged stances?

Which nonmusical themes are central to the significance of tango in Argentina and elsewhere?

A section called a coda, literally meaning “tail,” may be used to end a tango such as Adiós Nonino.

The study of dance steps

Dance in which two people perform face-to-face within an intimate space

Dance performed by multiple dancers side by side or in a horizontal sequence, Middle East

Extended due in Western ballet between the leading female and leading male dancer

Movement form that imitates characters or actions through exaggerated silent gestures

Afro-Brazilian performance style that combines elements of martial art dance, etc

Form of patterned movement such as boxing, fencing, judo, or karate that embeds values of a particular culture

Musical bow used to accompany capoeira

Lowest and loudest berimbau

Middle-range berimbau

Highest-range berimbau

Tall, cylindrical drum used to accompany capoeira

Brazilian frame drum used to accompany capoeira

Idiophone of West African origin with two cowbells welded together

Brazilian scraper

Small wicker rattle filled with seeds shaken by berimbau player

Colonial-era Afro-Brazilian song and dance gatherings

Master of capoeira

Practitioner of Angola-style capoeira

First section of the capoeira ritual, which contains historical and philosophical context

A responsorial vocal section that signals that the capoieira game can begin

The second responsorial section of the capoeira with salutations and greetings

The rhythmic patterns played by the berimbau in capoeira

A tightly choreographed men's group dance, originally from the Punjab region

A dance performed by Punjabi women, equivalent to the bhangra

Left, lower-pitched head of the dhol

Right, higher-pitched head of the dhol

Traditional rhythm of the dhol drum as well as common motion in bhangra with both arms and left leg lifted.

Single-pitched string instrument used in bhangra

double-flute used in bhangra

Metal idiophone with discs attached used to accompany bhangra

South Indian temple dance

Formal recital performed by bharata natyam dancer after years of study

Smaller dohl

Short solo phrases traditionally sung at the beginning of Punjabi songs

Festival with South Asian roots often held in the South Asian diaspora

A button accordion associated with the tango

An Argentinean-derived style of song and dance

A free aerophone with reeds that are hidden within two rectangular headboards connected by a folding bellows with keys or buttons to play a melody and chords

An accordion technique that results in an intensified tremolo or vibrato

Long-short Cuban rhythm

Standard movement pattern in dance

Instrumental ensemble with one or more bandoneon, string instruments, and piano that played tango to accompany dance

Argentinean word for cowboy

Early form of the tango, with two contrasting sections, both set in quadruple meter with long-short rhythms

Sung tango, irregular tempo

A melody that contrasts with a main melody or tune played at the same time

spanish for organ grinder

A Western classical form that generally consists of an exposition, in which one group of themes is presented in a home key and a second in a foreign key; a development section in which the themes are elaborated on; and a recapitulation in which both groups return in the home key

The process of elaborating or varying a theme. the middle, contrasting section of Western sonata form

Repetition of a melody or section of music

Argentinean gathering featuring tango music and dance

Dramatically slowing down music's tempo

Term for a concluding section