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Pharm Y2S2 - Dental Hygiene

Medicine36 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in dental hygiene, focusing on the causes and prevention of oral diseases, the role of bacteria, and the use of various dental treatments and products.

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What is a plaque?

A biofilm generally due to strep bacteria
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is a plaque?
A biofilm generally due to strep bacteria
What is periodontitis?
Inflammation of the gum Toxins can form pockets below surface of gums, damaging muscle fibres, causing tooth to become mobile
What is gingivitis?
Reversible inflammation of the gum
Why do caries occur?
When both bacteria and sugar are present, loss of CaPO4 occurs due to acid production in the bacterial breakdown of sugar
Why does bacteria accumulate?
Shielding from shear forces on the approximal and fissure surfaces of teeth
What are pellicles?
Thin films of glycoproteins on teeth and gums
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Pharm Y2S2 - Dental Hygiene
TermDefinition
What is a plaque?
A biofilm generally due to strep bacteria
What is periodontitis?
Inflammation of the gum Toxins can form pockets below surface of gums, damaging muscle fibres, causing tooth to become mobile
What is gingivitis?
Reversible inflammation of the gum
Why do caries occur?
When both bacteria and sugar are present, loss of CaPO4 occurs due to acid production in the bacterial breakdown of sugar
Why does bacteria accumulate?
Shielding from shear forces on the approximal and fissure surfaces of teeth
What are pellicles?
Thin films of glycoproteins on teeth and gums
Why do cavities form?
Bacteria attach to pellicles
What is the main feature of S oralis?
Bridging species allowing multiple types of bacteria to attach
What are early caries?
Small white spots of demineralisation that are reversible
What is erosion?
Demineralisation due to gastric acid
Which bacteria are acid tolerant?
Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
What kind of bacteria cause periodontitis?
Gram negative
What kind of bacteria cause caries?
Gram positive
How is veillonella useful?
Breakdown lactic acid for its own use, reducing risk of caries
What is necrotising periodontitis?
Underlying systemic infection
What are the features of necrotising periodontitis?
Severe pain Halitosis Grey pseudomembrane on gingivae
What bacteria is associated with necrotising periodontitis?
Aggregatibacter leukotoxin Spriochaetes Fusebacteria
What is aggressive periodontitis?
Potentially inherited neutrophil disorder
What antibiotics are used in aggressive periodontitis?
Amoxicillin Metronidazole Tetracycline
What can predispose to aggressive periodontitis?
Diabetes, impaired healing HIV, presence of opportunistic pathogens Group A strep infections
Give examples of mechanical plaque control.
Brushing Flossing
What antibiotic is used as dental prophylaxis?
Metronidazole
What are the features of fluoride?
Found in water supplies at 1ppm concentration Influences remineralisation Can inhibit metabolism of plaque forming bacteria
What is the main ideal feature of antimicrobials in oral health products?
Should bind to mucosa due to short contact time
What is substantivity?
Ability of agents to be adsorbed to the mouth and slowly released back and redistributed around the mouth
What forms is chlorhexidine available in?
Mouthwash Gel Varnish
What is chlorhexidine?
Broadspectrum antimicrobial | Mutans strep is very sensitive
What is triclosan?
Borad spectrum phenol | Inhibits gram negative anaerobes
What is the mode of action of triclosan?
Zinc inhibits sugar acid production | Inhibits fatty acid metabolism
What do dextranases and glucanases do?
Modify plaque
What do glucose oxidase and amyloglucosidase do?
Boost the salivary peroxidase system
How does quaternary ammonium improve oral health?
Inhibits glycan synthesis disrupting membrane integrity
How do metal ions improve oral health?
Inhibit bacterial glycolysis Zinc lactate inhibits VSC synthesis Stannous fluoride inhibits caries
How does arginine improve oral health?
Salts increase pH of the mouth | Blocks dental tubules
What can be used as oral probiotics?
Non pathogenic mutans streptococci
How do essential oils improve oral health?
Disrupt cell membranes