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Pharm Y2S2 - Mixing

Medicine19 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and examples related to different types of mixing in pharmaceutical processes, including positive, negative, and neutral mixing, as well as various mixing techniques and equipment.

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Define positive mixing.

Components mix spontaneously with no energy required, irreversible by diffusion
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define positive mixing.
Components mix spontaneously with no energy required, irreversible by diffusion
Give an example of components that exhibit positive mixing.
Two miscible liquids
Define negative mixing.
Components tend to separate, requires constant energy input to maintain desired dispersion
Give an example of components that exhibit negative mixing.
Suspension with low viscosity solution
Define neutral mixing.
No tendency for components to mix or separate spontaneously, possible to separate with energy
Give an example of components that exhibit neutral mixing.
Two solid powders
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Pharm Y2S2 - Mixing
TermDefinition
Define positive mixing.
Components mix spontaneously with no energy required, irreversible by diffusion
Give an example of components that exhibit positive mixing.
Two miscible liquids
Define negative mixing.
Components tend to separate, requires constant energy input to maintain desired dispersion
Give an example of components that exhibit negative mixing.
Suspension with low viscosity solution
Define neutral mixing.
No tendency for components to mix or separate spontaneously, possible to separate with energy
Give an example of components that exhibit neutral mixing.
Two solid powders
What are random mixtures?
Components are perfectly mixed
What is ordered mixing?
Components are not completely independent of each other and give a spontaneous degree of order in the mix
What is the scale of scrutiny?
Measure used to determine the extent of random mixing to have occurred, dependent on sample size
What mixer should be used for potent drugs?
Diffuse mixer
What mixer should be used for particles that tend to aggregate?
High shear mixer
Describe the features of convection mixing?
Macroscopic Relatively quick Extended time need for random mixing Transfer of particle group through powder bed
Describe the features of shear mixing?
Interface mixing Flows one layer of material over another Results in moving layers at different speeds
Describe the features of diffusion mixing?
Allows movement of individual particles for true random mix Powder bed is forced to move Generates space between particles
Describe the features of tumbling mixers?
Mix blending granules or free flowing powders Rotates about an axis at controlled speed Powder weight 50g-100kg Occupies approximated half of the mixer volume
What is bulk transport?
Quick degree of mixing, movement of large amounts of material in the mix
Describe the features of turbulent mixing?
Highly effective Volumes are forced to move with constant change in speed and direction
What are turbine mixers used for?
Viscous fluids
How can segregation be minimised?
Similar size of drug and excipients Control shape Reduce mechanical stress Granulate mixture Use of ordered mixture