Phonology: English Language: Categorising Texts Part 3
This deck covers key concepts in phonology, focusing on categorizing texts, cohesion, pragmatics, prosody, and typography. It includes definitions and explanations of rhetorical questions, lexical cohesion, graphological cohesion, and more.
What are rhetorical questions?
Key Terms
What are the two devices used in lexical cohesion?
REPETITION- Using the same words more than twice can link separate sentences
E.g. All we could see was RAIN. Anything would have been better ...
What is graphological cohesion about?
Making a text look cohesive.
Particularly important in persuasive writing, such as adverts. This is because the aim is to draw the reader's e...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are rhetorical questions? | Questions that don't require an answer, as they are phrased in a way that assumes the answer is obvious. |
What does cohesion do? | Links ideas in different parts of a text together. |
What is grammatical cohesion about? | Linking sentences. |
What is lexical cohesion about? | Linking words through meaning and association. |
What are the two devices used in lexical cohesion? | REPETITION- Using the same words more than twice can link separate sentences E.g. All we could see was RAIN. Anything would have been better than RAIN. COLLOCATIONS- Words that commonly appear together, and cannot be rearranged. E.g. 'Neat and tidy'. |
What is graphological cohesion about? | Making a text look cohesive. Particularly important in persuasive writing, such as adverts. This is because the aim is to draw the reader's eye to the most important points, whilst maintaining a consistent pattern. |
How is graphological cohesion achieved? | By using the same typeface for running text, captions and headings, and by using a cohesive colour scheme. |
What is pragmatics about? | How language is used in different social situations. Looks at how people get their meaning across within different social contexts. |
What is prosody? | The non-verbal aspects of speech. |
What can prosody do? | Change the meaning of something, so looking at prosodic features is really important in pragmatics. |
What can layout and presentation do? | Emphasise meaning. |
What is juxtaposition? | When corresponding texts and images are placed next to each other. |
What is the advanced name for font? | Typeface. |
What are ascenders? What are descenders? | The bits on the typeface that extend upwards are ascenders. E.g. letters like 'd', 'h' and 'l'. The bits on the typeface that extend downwards are descenders. E.g. letters like 'j', 'q' and 'y'. |
What could long ascenders and descenders be used to indicate? | Sophistication and elegance. |
What is leading? | The amount of vertical space between lines of type. It can dictate whether the text is dense and difficult to read, or spaced out. |
What are serifs? | Strokes on the end of letters. |
Typefaces with serifs tend to seem ___, whereas sans serif typefaces are considered as more ______. | Traditional. | - Modern. |
What does the choice of typeface tell you about? | The tone of the text. Typefaces can seem traditional, informal, stylish, elegant, modern, formal etc. They can be made to look like handwriting, for example. |
What can bold, italics and underlining place emphasis on? | Certain parts of the text to outline importance. |
Why are words capitalised? | To draw attention to them. |
What can graphics/pictures convey? | Meaning. E.g. Instructional texts use diagrams to make the meaning clearer. E.g. Children's books have illustrations to help children learn to read. |
What are phonetic spellings? | B4=Before |