Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 12
Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 12
This deck covers key psychological concepts from chapters 1-14, focusing on language, emotion, stress, and social support.
Wernicke's area
An area of the brain next to the auditory cortex that is responsible for language comprehension.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Wernicke's area
An area of the brain next to the auditory cortex that is responsible for language comprehension.
aphasia
A condition in which language functions are severely impaired.
babbling
Engaging in intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning.
generativity
The fact that speakers of a language can compose sentences to represent new ideas that they have never before been exposed to.
deep structure
How an idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar that is common to all languages.
surface structure
How an idea is expressed in any one language.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Wernicke's area | An area of the brain next to the auditory cortex that is responsible for language comprehension. |
aphasia | A condition in which language functions are severely impaired. |
babbling | Engaging in intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning. |
generativity | The fact that speakers of a language can compose sentences to represent new ideas that they have never before been exposed to. |
deep structure | How an idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar that is common to all languages. |
surface structure | How an idea is expressed in any one language. |
bilingualism | The ability to speak two languages. |
linguistic relativity | The idea that language and its structures influence and limit human thought. |
affect | The experience of feeling or emotion. |
arousal | Our experiences of the bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. |
emotion | A mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior. |
motivation | A driving force that initiates and directs behavior. |
basic emotions | The emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. |
cognitive appraisal | The cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions. |
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion | The idea that the experience of emotion is accompanied by physiological arousal. |
James-Lange theory of emotion | The idea that the experience of emotion is the result of the arousal that we experience. |
two-factor theory of emotion | The idea that the strength of emotion is determined by the intensity of the arousal we are experiencing, but that the cognitive appraisal of the situation determines what the emotion will be. |
misattribution of arousal | When we incorrectly label the source of the arousal that we are experiencing. |
nonverbal communication | Communication, primarily of liking or disliking, that does not involve words. |
Proxemics | Rules about the appropriate use of personal space |
Body appearance | Expressions based on alterations to our body |
body positioning and movement | Expressions based on how our body appears |
gestures | Behaviors and signs made with our hands or faces |
facial expressions | The variety of emotions that we express, or attempt to hide, through our face |
paralanguage | Clues to identity or emotions contained in our voices |
facial feedback hypothesis | The idea that the movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions. |
stress | Physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats. |
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | A medical syndrome that includes symptoms of anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares, and social withdrawal. |
general adaptation syndrome | The distinct phases of physiological change that occur in response to long-term stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. |
3 stages of the general adaptation syndrome | General alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion |
HPA axis | A physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal glands. |
cortisol | A stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping prepare the body to respond to threat. |
daily hassles | Our everyday negative interactions with the environment. |
fight-or-flight response | An emotional and behavioral reaction to stress that increases the readiness for action. |
tend-and-befriend response | A behavioral reaction to stress that involves activities designed to create social networks that provide protection from threats. |
emotion regulation | The ability to successfully control our emotions. |
optimism | The general tendency to expect positive outcomes. |
self-efficiacy | The belief in our ability to carry out actions that produce desired outcomes. |
social support | The experience of having positive and supportive social relationships with others. |