Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 7
Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 7
This deck covers key terms and concepts related to drug use, developmental stages, and psychological states from chapters 1-14 of a psychology textbook.
tolerance
An increase in the dose of a drug required to produce the same effect.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
tolerance
An increase in the dose of a drug required to produce the same effect.
dependence
The need to use a drug or other substance regularly.
withdrawal
Negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use, including physical pain and other symptoms.
addiction
When the user powerfully craves the drug and is driven to seek it out, over and over again, no matter what the physical, social, financial, and legal ...
stimulant
A class of psychoactive drugs that operate by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous ...
caffeine
A bitter psychoactive drug found in the beans, leaves, and fruits of plants.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
tolerance | An increase in the dose of a drug required to produce the same effect. |
dependence | The need to use a drug or other substance regularly. |
withdrawal | Negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use, including physical pain and other symptoms. |
addiction | When the user powerfully craves the drug and is driven to seek it out, over and over again, no matter what the physical, social, financial, and legal cost. |
stimulant | A class of psychoactive drugs that operate by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system. |
caffeine | A bitter psychoactive drug found in the beans, leaves, and fruits of plants. |
nicotine | A psychoactive drug found in tobacco products. |
cocaine | An addictive drug obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. |
amphetamine | A stimulant that produces increased wakefulness and focus, along with decreased fatigue and appetite. |
depressant | A class of psychoactive drugs that reduce the activity of the CNS. |
alcohol | A colorless liquid, produced by the fermentation of sugar or starch, which is the intoxicating agent in fermented drinks. |
barbituates | A family of depressants that are commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and painkillers. |
benzodiazepines | A family of depressants used to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms. |
opium | The dried juice of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy. |
morphine | A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium. |
heroin | A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium. |
codeine | A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium. |
hypnosis | A trance-like state of consciousness, usually induced by a procedure known as hypnotic induction, which consists of heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus. |
sensory deprivation | Intentional reduction of stimuli affecting one or more of the five senses, with the possibility of resulting changes in consciousness. |
meditation | Techniques in which the individual focuses on something specific, such as an object, a word, or one's breathing, with the goal of ignoring external distractions, focusing on one's internal state, and achieving a state of relaxation and well-being. |
development | The physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout human life, which are guided by both genetic predispositions (nature) and environmental influences. |
infancy | The developmental stage from birth to 1 year of age. |
childhood | The developmental period from infancy to the onset of puberty. |
adolescence | The years between the onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood. |
adulthood | The stage of life after adolescence, including emerging, early, middle, and older adulthood. |
oral-sensory | Birth to 12 to 18 months. Trust versus mistrust. |
muscular-anal | 18 months to 3 years. Autonomy versus shame/doubt. The child learns what he or she can and cannot control and develops a sense of free will. |
locomotor | 3 to 6 years. Initiative versus guilt. The child learns to become independent by exploring, manipulating, and taking action. |
latency | 6 to 12 years. Industry versus inferiority. The child learns to do things well or correctly according to standards set by others, particularly in school. |
adolescence | 12 to 18 years. Identity versus role confusion. The teen develops a well-defined and positive sense of self in relationship to others. |
young adult | 19 to 40 years. Intimacy versus isolation. The person develops the ability to give and receive love and to make long-term commitments. |
middle adult | 40 to 65 years. Generativity versus stagnation. The person develops an interest in guiding the development of the next generation, often by becoming a parent. |
late adult | 65 to death. Ego integrity versus despair. The person develops acceptance of his or her life as it was lived. |
ovulation | The process whereby an egg stored in the woman's ovaries matures and is released into the fallopian tube. |
zygote | The product of an egg and sperm that merge together during conception. |
embryo | The status of a zygote once it is implanted in the uterine wall. |
amniotic sac | Acting as a cushion as well as a temperature regulator, it is the fluid-filled reservoir in which the fetus lives until birth. |
placenta | The organ that allows the exchange of nutrients between the fetus and the mother, while at the same time filtering out harmful material. |
umbilical cord | A cord that links the embryo directly to the placenta and transfers all material to the embryo from the mother. |
fetus | The stage of the embryo from 9 weeks after conception to birth. The defining aspect of the fetal stage is growth. |