Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 4
Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 4
This deck covers essential concepts from psychology chapters 1-14, including neuroplasticity, neurological disorders, brain functions, and sensory processes.
neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage.
neurogenesis
The forming of new neurons.
ALS
Muscle weakness and spasms; difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
Alzheimer's Disease
Confusion, irritability, mood swings, trouble with language, and long-term memory loss. Usually diagnosed in people over 65 years old.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Social and communication difficulties; stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and interests; cognitive impairments. Usually diagnosed in childhood.
Cerebral Palsy
Difficulties and limits with movement, posture, vision, and cognition. Usually diagnosed in childhood.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
neuroplasticity | The brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage. |
neurogenesis | The forming of new neurons. |
ALS | Muscle weakness and spasms; difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing. |
Alzheimer's Disease | Confusion, irritability, mood swings, trouble with language, and long-term memory loss. Usually diagnosed in people over 65 years old. |
Autism Spectrum Disorder | Social and communication difficulties; stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and interests; cognitive impairments. Usually diagnosed in childhood. |
Cerebral Palsy | Difficulties and limits with movement, posture, vision, and cognition. Usually diagnosed in childhood. |
Epilepsy | Recurring and unprovoked seizures. |
Migraine | Recurring moderate to severe headaches often in association with other autonomic nervous system symptoms. |
Multiple Sclerosis | Difficulty coordinating motor behaviors. Usually diagnosed in young adults. |
Parkinson's Disease | Movement difficulties including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking and gait. Sensory, sleep, and emotional problems. Most common in people over age 50. |
Stroke | Mild to severe cognitive and motor impairments. |
Tourette Syndrome | Motor and vocal tics, sometimes accompanied by involuntary swearing. |
brain lateralization | The idea that the left and the right hemispheres of the brain are specialized to perform different functions. |
corpus callosum | The region that connects the two halves of the brain and supports communication between the hemispheres. |
EEG | A technique that records the electrical activity produced by the brain's neurons through the use of electrodes placed around the research participant's head. |
fMRI | A neuroimaging technique that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain structure and function. |
TMS | A procedure in which magnetic pulses are applied to the brain of living persons with the goal of temporarily and safely deactivating a small brain region. |
nerve | A bundle of interconnected neurons that fires in synchrony to carry messages. |
sensory neuron | A neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors. |
motor neuron | A neuron that transmits information to the muscles and glands. |
interneuron | The most common type of neuron, responsible for communicating among neurons. |
spinal cord | The long, thin, tubular bundle of nerves and supporting cells that extends down from the brain. |
reflex | An involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. |
autonomic nervous system | The division of the PNS that governs the internal activities of the human body, including heart rate, breathing, digestion, salivation, perspiration, urination, and sexual arousal. |
somatic nervous system | The division of the PNS that controls the external aspects of the body, including the skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs. |
sympathetic | Involved in preparing the body for behavior, particularly in response to stress, by activating the organs and the glands in the endocrine system. |
parasympathetic | Tends to calm the body by slowing the heart and breathing and by allowing the body to recover from the activities that the sympathetic system causes. |
homeostasis | The natural balance in the body's systems. |
gland | A group of cells that functions to secrete hormones. |
hormone | A chemical that moves throughout the body to help regulate emotions and behaviors. |
pituitary gland | A small pea-sized gland located near the center of the brain that is responsible for controlling the body's growth. |
adrenal glands | Produce hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, and are involved in metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function. |
testes | The male sex glands. |
testosterone | The male sex hormone. |
ovaries | Female sex glands. |
sensation | Awareness resulting from the stimulation of a sense organ. |
perception | The organization and interpretation of sensations. |
transduction | The conversion of stimuli detected by receptor cells to electrical impulses that are then transported to the brain. |
psychophysics | Is the branch of psychology that studies the effects of physical stimuli on sensory perceptions and mental states. |
absolute threshold | The intensity of a stimulus that allows an organism to just barely detect it. |