Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 5
Psychology Chapters 1-14 Part 5
This deck covers essential concepts from chapters 1-14 of a psychology textbook, focusing on perception, visual processing, and depth cues.
signal detection analysis
A technique used to determine the ability of the perceiver to separate true signals from background noise.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
signal detection analysis
A technique used to determine the ability of the perceiver to separate true signals from background noise.
hit
stimulus present and yes response
miss
stimulus present, no response.
false alarm
stimulus absent, yes response.
correct rejection
stimulus absent and no response.
just noticeable difference
The change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected by the organism.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
signal detection analysis | A technique used to determine the ability of the perceiver to separate true signals from background noise. |
hit | stimulus present and yes response |
miss | stimulus present, no response. |
false alarm | stimulus absent, yes response. |
correct rejection | stimulus absent and no response. |
just noticeable difference | The change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected by the organism. |
webers law | Just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion of the original intensity of the stimulus. |
subliminal stimuli | Stimuli that are below the absolute threshold and of which we are not conscious. |
blindsight | A condition brought on by damage to the visual cortex, in which people are unable to consciously report on visual stimuli but nevertheless are able to accurately answer questions about what they are seeing. |
wavelength | The distance between one wave peak and the next wave peak. |
cornea | A clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light. |
pupil | The small opening in the center of the eye that allows light to enter. |
iris | The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity. |
lens | A structure that focuses the incoming light on the retina. |
retina | The layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells. |
visual accomadatin | The process of changing the curvature of the lens to keep the light entering the eye focused on the retina. |
optic nerve | A collection of millions of ganglion neurons that sends vast amounts of visual information, via the thalamus, to the brain. |
rods | Visual neurons that specialize in detecting black, white, and gray colors. |
cones | Visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colors. |
fovea | The central point of the retina. |
feature detector neurons | Specialized neurons, located in the visual cortex, that respond to the strength, angles, shapes, edges, and movements of a visual stimulus. |
hue | Color conveyed by the wavelength of the light that enters the eye. |
trichomatic color theory | The theory of color perception that proposes that what color we see depends on the mix of the signals from the three types of cones. |
color blindness | The inability to detect either green and/or red colors. |
opponent process theory | The theory of color perception that proposes that we analyze sensory information in three sets of 'opponent colors': red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black. |
gestalt | A meaningful organized whole. |
figure and ground | We structure input such that we always see a figure (image) against a ground (background). |
similarity | Stimuli that are similar to each other tend to be grouped together. |
proximity | We tend to, group nearby, figures together. |
continuity | We tend to perceive stimuli in smooth, continuous ways rather than in more discontinuous ways. |
closure | We tend to fill, in gaps in an, incomplete, image to create, a complete, whole object. |
depth perception | The ability to perceive three-dimensional space and to accurately judge distance. |
visual cliff | A mechanism that gives the perception of a dangerous drop-off, in which infants can be safely tested for their perception of depth. |
depth cues | Messages from our bodies and the external environment that supply us with information about space and distance. |
binocular depth cues | Depth cues that are created by retinal disparity—that is, the space between our eyes, and thus require the coordination of both eyes. |
convergence | The inward turning of our eyes that is required to focus on objects that are less than about 50 feet away from us. |
monocular depth cues | Depth cues that help us perceive depth using only one eye. |
position | We tend to see objects higher up in our field of vision as farther away. |
relative size | Assuming that the objects in a scene are the same size, smaller objects are perceived as farther away. |
linear perspective | Parallel lines appear to converge at a distance. |