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Statistics for Behavioral Sciences Exam 3 Part 1
This deck covers key concepts and questions related to ANOVA testing, factorial designs, and analysis of variance in behavioral sciences.
What is the main advantage that ANOVA testing has compared with t testing?
It can be used to compare two or more treatments
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the main advantage that ANOVA testing has compared with t testing?
It can be used to compare two or more treatments
ANOVA is to be used in a research study using two therapy groups. For each group, scores will be taken before the therapy, right after the therapy, and one year after the therapy. How many different sample means will there be?
6
Which of the following most accurately describes the F-ratio in ANOVA testing?
The F-ratio is the ratio of the variance between sample means and the variance expected with no treatment effect.
A researcher is conducting an ANOVA test to measure the influence of the time of day on reaction time. Participants are given a reaction test at three different periods throughout the day: 7 a.m., noon, and 5 p.m. In this design, there are _______ factor(s) and ______ level(s).
1, 3
In an ANOVA study on the impact that various forms of cellphone use have on driving speed, a researcher concludes that there are no systematic treatment effects. What was the F-ratio closest to?
An F-ratio near 1 indicates that the differences between treatments (numerator) are random and unsystematic, just like the differences in the denomina...
If the variance between treatments increases and the variance within treatments decreases, what will happen to the F-ratios and the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis in an ANOVA test?
The F-ratio and the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis will increase.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the main advantage that ANOVA testing has compared with t testing? | It can be used to compare two or more treatments |
ANOVA is to be used in a research study using two therapy groups. For each group, scores will be taken before the therapy, right after the therapy, and one year after the therapy. How many different sample means will there be? | 6 |
Which of the following most accurately describes the F-ratio in ANOVA testing? | The F-ratio is the ratio of the variance between sample means and the variance expected with no treatment effect. |
A researcher is conducting an ANOVA test to measure the influence of the time of day on reaction time. Participants are given a reaction test at three different periods throughout the day: 7 a.m., noon, and 5 p.m. In this design, there are _______ factor(s) and ______ level(s). | 1, 3 |
In an ANOVA study on the impact that various forms of cellphone use have on driving speed, a researcher concludes that there are no systematic treatment effects. What was the F-ratio closest to? | An F-ratio near 1 indicates that the differences between treatments (numerator) are random and unsystematic, just like the differences in the denominator. With an F-ratio near 1, we conclude that there is no evidence to suggest that the treatment has any effect. |
If the variance between treatments increases and the variance within treatments decreases, what will happen to the F-ratios and the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis in an ANOVA test? | The F-ratio and the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis will increase. |
In an analysis of variance, the primary effect of large mean differences within each sample is to increase the value for | the variance within treatments |
An analysis of variance is used to evaluate the mean differences for a research study comparing 4 treatment conditions and 7 scores in each sample. How many total degrees of freedom are there? | 27 |
eta squared (long elephant n) | ss between/ ss total |
Under what conditions might a post hoc test be performed following ANOVA? | it’s done after we reject the null hypothesis. If they’re 2 treatments, we know which is effective, so 3 or more. |
Which of the following will increase the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis using ANOVA? | A decrease of SSwithin b. An increase in the sample sizes Because SSwithin occurs in the denominator of F, a decrease in SSwithin will cause an increase in F, which will increase the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis. An increase in sample sizes will also increase the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis. |
When a research study involves more than one factor, what is it called? | A factorial design |
In a two-factored ANOVA, how many F-ratios are calculated? | 3 |
If a researcher is studying the reaction time of males and females at 6:00 a.m. and at 6:00 p.m. using a two-factor, independent-measures ANOVA, which two mean differences make up the two main effects? | gender and time of day |
In a two-factor, independent-measures ANOVA, an interaction between factors occurs when? | a. When the effect of one factor depends on the different levels of a second factor. b. When the mean differences between individual treatment conditions are different from what would be predicted from the overall main effects of the factors. |