Q
QuestionBiology

To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require _____ allele(2$) to be mutated and therefore are considered ________. The mutation results in a ___ of function.
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Answer

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Step 1

$$1\,\, \text{allele}$$
The first blank refers to the number of alleles that need to be mutated in proto-oncogenes to cause cancer. Since cancer can be caused by a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, the answer is:

Step 2

$$ \text{oncogenes}$$
The second blank is about the nature of proto-oncogenes once they have been mutated. Mutated proto-oncogenes become overactive, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer. Therefore, they are considered:

Final Answer

To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require 1$ to be mutated and therefore are considered 1$. The mutation results in a 1$.

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