2023 BIOL ATI TEAS

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2 0 2 3B I O LATIT E A SQ U E S T I O N SW I T HC O R R E C TA N S W E R SOne thing all cells have in c o m m o n is theirA n s w e r -m e m b r a n eThe main difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is theirA n s w e r - n u c l e u sWhich o r g a n i s m s are Prokaryotes? (2) A n s w e r - b a c t e r i a , archeaWhich o r g a n i s m s are Eukaryotes? (4) A n s w e r - a n i m a l s , p l a n t s ,f u n g u s , p r o t i s tThis cell organelle is the main site for protein synthesis Answer-ribosomesAn e n d o m e m b r a n e s y s t e m c o v e r e d with r i b o s o m e s w h e r e manyp r o t e i n s for t r a n s p o r t are a s s e m b l e d . (3 words) A n s w e r - roughe n d o p l a s m i c r e t i c u l u mAn e n d o m e m b r a n e system w h e r e lipids ares y n t h e s i z e d , c a l c i u mlevels are regulated, and toxicsubstances are broken down.(3words) Answer- smooth e n d o p l a s m i c r e t i c u l u mstack of m e m b r a n e s in the cell thatmodifies, sorts, and packagesproteins from thee n d o p l a s m i c r e t i c u l u m A n s w e r - Golgia p p a r a t u soxidative organelles thatproduce hydrogen peroxide and breakdownfatty acid chains Answer-peroxisomescell orcianelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certainmaterials in the cell, break down worn out cells parts to be recycled.Answer- llysosomesPowerhouse of the cell, organelle that is thesite of ATP (energy)production Answer-mitochondriathe cell m e m b r a n e is made upof abilayerAnswer- phospholipidA cell m e m b r a n e ' s p h o s p h o l i p i d b i l a y e r consists ofheadsandtails. The heads arethe tails are(hydrophobic/hydrophilic). Answer- phosphate, fatty acid,hydrophobic, hydrophilic

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organelle found in cells of plants and someother organisms thatcaptures the energy fromsunlight and converts it intochemicalenergy Answer- chloroplastA sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area for water andnutrients. Answer-vacuoleA p r o c e s s w h e r e plants use thesun’s e n e r g y to c o n v e r t w a t e randc a r b o n d i o x i d e intos u g a r s A n s w e r - p h o t o s y n t h e s i sAnimal cells requireto gain energy in the form of ATP.This is done using cellular respiration which is oxygenAnswer-glucose, dependentthe b r e a k d o w n of glucose byenzymes, releasing energy andpyruvic acid, the first step in cellular respiration Answer-glycolysissecond stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is brokendown into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactionsAnswer-Kreb's cycleseries ofcarrier proteins thatshuttle high-energyduring ATP-generating reactions, third step of cellular respiration.Answer- electron, electrons4th stepof cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce 6 molr6 moland36-38 molAnswer- CO2, H2O,ATPAny cells in thebody other than reproductive cells Answer-somaticA cell containing only one set of chromosomes (haploidl/diploid)Answer- haploidA cell containing two sets of chromosomes, oneset inherited fromeach parent (ha plo id/di plo id ) Answer-haploidA s e g m e n t of DNA on a c h r o m o s o m e thatcodes for a specific traitA n s w e r - geneDifferent forms of a gene Answer-alleleAn organism thathas two different alleles for a trait Answer-heterozygous An o r g a n i s m that has twoi d e n t i c a l alleles for agene A n s w e r -h o m o z y g o u s

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a genetic factor that blocks a n o t h e r genetic factor isd o m i n a n tAnswer-a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a d o m i n a n t factorAnswer- recessivea type of cell division that results in four d a u g h t e r cells each with halfthe n u m b e r of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production ofg a m e t e s a n d plant spores. Answer-meiosiscell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing thesamen u m b e r o f chromosomes Answer-mitosisWhen animals undergo cytokinesis they use atos p l i ttheir c y t o p l a s m , butplant cells use abecause their cellwallkeepsthemfrompinching.Answer-cleavagefurrow,cellpateorganelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells thatdo nothave a m e m b r a n e (2) Answer- ribosomes, cytoskeletona cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring inpairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in celldivision. Answer- centriolesA n e t w o r k of fibers thatholds the celltogether, helps thecell tokeep its shape, and aids in m o v e m e n t Answer-cytoskeletonEukaryotic cells divide u s i n g(mitosis/binary fission).Duplicated chromosomes are split to form two identical d a u g h t e rnuclei. Answer-mitosis.Prokaryotic cells divide using (mitosis.bi nary fission).Thisisa typeofa s e x u a l r e p r o d u c t i o n inwhichano r g a n i s mreplicates itsDNAandd i v i d e s inhalf,p r o d u c i n g twoi d e n t i c a ld a u g h t e r cells. Answer- binary fissionWhich organelle uses active transport inwhich substances are carriedacross the cell m e m b r a n e ?A.lysosomeB. centriolec. vesicle Answer-vesicleSmall, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell.A cell's cytoskeleton.

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A.microtubulesB. cytoplasmC. spindle fibers Answer-microtubulese n z y m e s speed up/aid in theb r e a k d o w n of chemical bondst h r o u g h the addition of water. This is called Answer- hydrolysisMore H+means more (acidic/basic).More OH- means more(acidic/basic) Answer-acidic, basic(apoptosis/necrosis) p r o g r a m m e d cell death d e s i g n e d to eliminatea b n o r m a l cells once the cell sense that it has m u t a t i o n . Answer-apoptosis(apoptosis/necrosis) messy,, injury- induced cell death, which canlead to sepsis. Basically just cell "explosion" Answer- necrosisproteins, m e m b r a n e proteins that helpmovesubstances across a cell m e m b r a n e , can use active or passivetransport. Answer- transportregulate water flow and solutes t h r o u g h m e m b r a n e , aform of (active/passive) t r a n s p o r t where s u b s t a n c e s diffuse downtheir c h e m i c a l g r a d i e n t t o an area of lower concentration. Answer-channels(active1passive) t r a n s p o r t costs ATP Answer-activeA (non-polar/polar) bond is when a bond is formed b e t w e e n two atomsthat share electrons unequally.A (non-polar/polar) bond is when electrons are shared equallyacross all atoms in a molecule. Answer-polar, non-polarDiffusion of water t h r o u g h a selectively permeable m e m b r a n e iscalled___________T h i s i s a n (active-passive) transport. Answer-osmosis.. passiveM o v e m e n t of molecules from an area of higher concentration to anarea of lower concentration is calledAnswer-diffusionDiffusion is (active/passive).Facilitated is (active,p a s s i v e ) and requires thehelp of c h a n n e l ortransport proteins. Answer-passive, activeBacteria cell walls are made ofA. pectinB. peptidoglycan

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C. glucose Answer-peptidoglycan Fungi cell wallsare madeofA.celluloseB. xylanC. chitin Answer-chitinA cell iswhen extracellular fluid has a higher soluteconcentration c o m p a r e d to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow ofwater will be (in/out) of the cell Answer-hypertonic, outA cell iswhen extracellular fluid has a lower soluteconcentration c o m p a r e d to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow ofwater will be (in/out) of the cell. Answer-hypotonic, inHaving thesame solute concentration as a n o t h e rsolution. A. IsotonicB. hypotonicC. hypertonic Answer-isotonicOsmotic concentration of a solution is called its; the n u m b e r of moles of solute in 1 kg of w a t e rt i m e s then u m b e r of p a r t i c l e s into w h i c h the s o l u t e dissociatesA. gradientB. osmalityC. osmosis Answer-osmalitypressure is required to p r e v e n t the passage of solventt h r o u g h a semipermeable m e m b r a n e . It is proportional to theosmolality of thesolution Answer-osmoticA transport p r o t e i n in the plasma m e m b r a n e of a plant or animal cellthat specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the m e m b r a n eAnswer- aquaporin(endocytosis/e xocytosis) Process by which a cell r e l e a s e s largea m o u n t s of material Answer-exocytosis(exocytosis/endocytosis)Aprocessinwhichacelle n g u l f sextracellular m a t e r i a l t h r o u g h an i n w a r d f o l d i n g ofits plasmam e m b r a n e . Answer- endocytosis(Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation) causes high 02and low CO2.

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