5 Steps to a 5: AP European History 2024 (2024)

Name: 5 Steps to a 5: AP European History 2024 (2024)
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Author: Elizabeth Chen

Optimize your certification prep with 5 Steps to a 5: AP European History 2024 (2024), a practice test that mimics real-world exam difficulty.

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CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Introduction: The Five-Step Program
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program
1 What You Need to Know About the AP European History
Exam
Background Information
Frequently Asked Questions About the AP European
History Exam
2 Determine Your Test Readiness
Three Approaches to Preparing for AP Exams
Detailed Calendar for Each Plan
Setting Up a Study Group
STEP 2 Understand the Skills That Will Be Tested
3 The Ways Historians Think
Introduction
Reasoning Chronologically
Putting Information in Context
Arguing from Evidence
Developing Your Historical Thinking Skills
Rapid Review
4 Take a Diagnostic Exam
AP European History Diagnostic Exam Answer Sheet
Section I, Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Questions

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Section II, Part A: Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Section II, Part B: Long-Essay Question
Answers and Explanations
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success
5 The Multiple-Choice Questions
Introduction
Passive Knowledge and the Process of Elimination
Putting Your Historical Thinking Skills to Use
About Guessing
Further Practice with Multiple-Choice Questions
6 The Short-Answer Questions
Introduction
Putting Your Knowledge and Historical Thinking Skills to
Use
Further Practice with Short-Answer Questions
7 The Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Introduction
The High-Quality History Essay
Five Steps for Creating an Outline for Your Essay
Characteristics of the Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Applying the Principles of the High-Quality History Essay
to the Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Scoring the Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Further Practice for the Document-Based Question (DBQ)
8 The Long-Essay Question
Introduction
Choosing Your Topic
Applying the Five Steps to a High-Quality History Essay
Scoring of the Essays
Further Practice for the Long-Essay Question
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
9 Major Themes of Modern European History

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Introduction
Interaction of Europe and the World
Economic and Commercial Developments
Cultural and Intellectual Developments
States and Other Institutions of Power
Social Organization and Development
National and European Identity
Technological and Scientific Innovation
The Organization of the AP Course into Units
10 From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance
Further Resources
11 The Challenge of the Renaissance
Introduction
Italian Society of the Renaissance
Renaissance Values
Artistic Achievement of the Renaissance
The Renaissance and Scientific Advancements
The Spread of the Renaissance
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
12 The Reformation and the Fracturing of Christianity
Introduction
The Need for a Religious Reformation
The Lutheran Revolt
Creation and Spread of the Protestant Movement
The English Reformation
Reformation in Eastern Europe
Calvin and Calvinism
Social Dimensions and the Radical Reformation
The Catholic Response
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources

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13 The Great Voyages of Exploration and Early
Colonization
Introduction
Exploration and Expansion
The Spanish Empire in the New World
England, France, and the Triangular Trade Networks
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
14 Economic Change and Political Consolidation
Introduction
Economic Stress and Change
Thirty Years’ War
Britain: The Rise of Parliament
France: The Construction of a State
Central and Eastern Europe: Compromise
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
15 Economic Change and the Expansion of the State
Introduction
Great Britain: The Triumph of Constitutionalism
France: The Triumph of Absolutism
Russia: Tsarist Absolutism
Breaking the Traditional Cycle of Population and
Productivity
Market-Oriented Agriculture
Rural Manufacturing
Technical Innovations in Agriculture and Manufacturing
Eastern Ambition
War and Diplomacy
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources

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16 The Rise of Natural Philosophy, Scientific Revolution,
and the Enlightenment
Introduction
The Traditional View of the Cosmos
Alternative Traditions of Knowledge Before the Scientific
Revolution
Development of New Institutions
The Rise of Copernicanism
Kepler’s Laws
Galileo and the Value of Empirical Knowledge
Advances in Anatomy, Physiology, and Medicine
Contributions of Women During the Scientific Revolution
Cartesian Skepticism and Deductive Reasoning
The Enlightenment
The Triumph of Newtonian Science
New Ideas About Natural Law, Human Nature, and
Society
New Political Ideas
The Philosophes and Enlightened Despotism
Salons and Lodges
Skepticism, Religion, and Social Criticism
The Arts in the Enlightenment
The Radical Enlightenment
The Other Enlightenment
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
17 The French Revolution and Empire
Introduction
The Ancien Régime in Crisis
The Moderate Phase of the French Revolution (1789–
1791)
The Radical Phase of the French Revolution (1791–1794)
The Final Phase of the French Revolution: Thermidor and
the Rise of Napoleon (1794–1799)

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Post-Revolutionary France and the Napoleonic Code
Napoleon’s Empire
The Decline and Fall of Napoleon and His Empire
Restoration
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
18 The Industrial Revolution
Introduction
The Industrial Revolution Begins in Great Britain
The Factory System and the Division of Labor
Iron and Steel
New Sources of Power
The Railway Boom
The Reciprocal Nature of Heavy Industry
The Spread of Industrialization
Social Effects of Industrialization
Second Industrial Revolution
Science in an Industrial Age
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
19 Cultural Responses to Revolution and Industrialization
Introduction
Political Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century
Cultural Ideologies in the Nineteenth Century
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
20 Mass Politics and Nationalism
Introduction
Nationalism and State-Building
The Triumph of Conservative Nationalism
The Unification of Italy

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The Unification of Germany
Mass Politics and Nationalism in the Habsburg Empire
Mass Politics and Nationalism in France
Mass Politics and Nationalism in Russia
Mass Politics and Nationalism in Great Britain
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
21 Mass Politics and Imperialism
Introduction
Causes of the New Imperialism
The Scramble for Africa
Dominance in Asia
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
22 Politics of the Extreme and World War I
Introduction
Labor Unions Begin in Britain, Then Spread to Other
Countries
Socialist Parties in Britain, France, and Germany
Women’s Suffrage Movements and Feminism
Anarchist Activity
Ultranationalism and Anti-Semitism
Zionism
The Causes of World War I
The Beginning of the War: 1914–1915
Total War
1916: “The Year of Bloodletting”
Russian Revolution and Withdrawal
Germany’s Disintegration and the Peace Settlement
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources

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23 The Interwar Years and World War II
Introduction
Problems and Challenges After World War I
The Weimar Republic in Germany
The Soviet Union in Economic Ruins
The Great Depression
The Rise of Fascism
World War II
Assessment and Aftermath of World War II
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
24 The Cold War, Integration, and Globalization
Introduction
The Development of Nuclear Weapons
The Settlement Following World War II
The Cold War
The European Union
The Disintegration of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet
Union
The Rise of Nationalism in Eastern Europe
Social, Economic, and Political Changes in Post–Cold War
Europe
Challenges to the Welfare State
Review Questions
Rapid Review
Further Resources
25 Science and Culture
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
AP European History Practice Exam 1 Answer Sheet
Section I, Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Questions
Section II, Part A: Document-Based Question (DBQ)

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Section II, Part B: Long-Essay Question
Answers and Explanations
AP European History Practice Exam 2 Answer Sheet
Section I, Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions
Section I, Part B: Short-Answer Questions
Section II, Part A: The Document-Based Question (DBQ)
Section II, Part B: The Long-Essay Question
Answers and Explanations
Resource Guide
Using Literary Works in European History
General Websites
General Background
Resources by Historical Period

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PREFACE
Welcome to the world of Advanced Placement (AP) European History.
Whether you are, or have been, enrolled in an AP European History course at
your school or are preparing on your own, this guide will help you to move
smoothly and confidently from your individual starting point through a five-
step process that will bring you to the level of preparation you desire. Along
the way, you will be evaluating your current level of preparation, evaluating
your learning strategies, reading widely, analyzing primary documents,
taking practice multiple-choice tests, and writing practice essays. As you go,
you will be developing the strategies and confidence you need to score a 5 on
the AP European History Exam. Each of the content chapters concludes with
questions that focus on mastery of content. In general, they follow AP Exam
formats, though not strictly as do the practice exams.
The five-step process is described in detail in the Introduction. Here, I
simply want to urge you to enter into your preparation with enthusiasm. The
intricate story of European history is dramatic, fascinating, and extremely
relevant to the world in which you live. The information, understanding, and
skills that you will learn by working through this guide will help you to do
well on the AP European History Exam, but they will also help you to excel
in college and to become a well-informed, critically thinking human being.
New to this edition is a section labeled Further Resources at the end of each
content chapter. These resources include offerings of fiction and nonfiction,
films, music, and artwork that can be used to supplement (though not to
supplant) the text.
As you begin, it is important that you not think of this guide as some
large book to “get through.” This guide is a tool and, like many tools, it can
be used in a number of different ways. You can follow it through from
beginning to end, or you can jump around, using the information and
exercises contained in it in any way that suits you best. So take some time to
familiarize yourself with the contents of this guide; get a feel for how it
“works.” Then, when you are ready, read Chapters 1 and 2; they will help

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