AP Biology Premium, 2022-2023: 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review + Online Practice (2022)

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© Copyright 2022 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the
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invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
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www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-8037-0
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About the Author
Mary Wuerth has taught AP Biology for more than 20 years at Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley,
California, and she currently serves on the advisory board for the single-subject credential program at
Dominican College. She earned her B.S. degree in Biochemistry at UCLA and her M.S. degree in
Biological Sciences at Clemson University. In addition to having taught Biology at the College of
Marin, she has taught teens and teachers in a variety of environments, under various circumstances,
including as a visiting teacher and a remote teacher prior to, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mary has written items for the AP Biology exam, served as a Table Leader for the scoring of the
free-response questions on the AP Biology exam, and served as chair for the Test Development
Committee for the SAT Subject Test in Biology. She has also been presenting AP Biology workshops
to new and experienced teachers around the world since 1999.
Mary is a winner of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Math and Science Teaching and has
received national awards for the use of technology in the classroom. She was selected as one of 25
Lead Teachers for WGBH-TV’s Evolution Project and is currently serving as an HHMI Biointeractive
Ambassador.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
ABOUT THE EXAM
1 Introduction
Exam Format
Tips for Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions
Tips for Section II: Free-Response Questions
Scoring of the AP Biology Exam
Suggested Study Plans
2 Statistics in AP Biology
Overview
What Is a Null Hypothesis?
Chi-Square Test
Descriptive Statistics
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 1: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
3 Water
Overview

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Water and the Importance of Hydrogen Bonds
pH
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
4 Macromolecules
Overview
Biological Macromolecules
Protein Structure
Nucleic Acids
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
5 Cell Organelles, Membranes, and Transport
Overview
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
Endosymbiosis Hypothesis
The Advantages of Compartmentalization
The Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratios
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
What Can (and Cannot) Cross the Plasma Membrane
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
6 Movement of Water in Cells
Overview
Water Potential
Osmolarity and Its Regulation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations

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UNIT 3: CELLULAR ENERGETICS
7 Enzymes
Overview
Enzyme Structure and Function
Environmental Factors that Affect Enzyme Function
Activation Energy in Chemical Reactions
Energy and Metabolism/Coupled Reactions
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
8 Photosynthesis
Overview
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions (The Calvin Cycle)
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
9 Cellular Respiration
Overview
Glycolysis
Oxidation of Pyruvate
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Fermentation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 4: CELL COMMUNICATION AND CELL CYCLE
10 Cell Communication and Signaling
Overview
Types of Cell Signaling

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Signal Transduction
Disruptions in Signal Transduction Pathways
Feedback Mechanisms
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
11 The Cell Cycle
Overview
Phases of the Cell Cycle
Regulation of the Cell Cycle, Cancer, and Apoptosis
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 5: HEREDITY
12 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Overview
How Meiosis Works
How Meiosis Generates Genetic Diversity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
13 Mendelian Genetics and Probability
Overview
Mendelian Genetics
Probability in Genetics Problems
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
14 Non-Mendelian Genetics
Overview
Linked Genes
Multiple Gene Inheritance

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Nonnuclear Inheritance
Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 6: GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION
15 DNA, RNA, and DNA Replication
Overview
Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA Replication
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
16 Transcription and Translation
Overview
Transcription in Prokaryotes vs. Transcription in Eukaryotes
Translation
Flow of Information from the Nucleus to the Cell Membrane
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
17 Regulation and Mutations
Overview
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Gene Expression Helps Cells Specialize
Mutations
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
18 Biotechnology
Overview

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Bacterial Transformation
Gel Electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
CRISPR-Cas9
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 7: NATURAL SELECTION
19 Types of Selection
Overview
Evidence of Evolution
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Sexual Selection
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
20 Population Genetics
Overview
Population Genetics and Genetic Drift
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
21 Phylogeny, Speciation, and Extinction
Overview
Phylogeny and Common Ancestry
Speciation
Extinction
Modern-Day Examples of Continuing Evolution
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations

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UNIT 8: ECOLOGY
22 The Basics of Ecology
Overview
How Organisms Respond to Changes in the Environment
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
23 Population Ecology, Community Ecology, and Biodiversity
Overview
Population Ecology
K-Selected vs. r-Selected Populations
Community Ecology and Simpson’s Diversity Index
Biodiversity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
LAB REVIEW
24 Labs
Overview
Lab 1: Artificial Selection
Lab 2: Hardy-Weinberg
Lab 3: BLAST
Lab 4: Diffusion and Osmosis
Lab 5: Photosynthesis
Lab 6: Cellular Respiration
Lab 7: Mitosis and Meiosis
Lab 8: Bacterial Transformation
Lab 9: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA
Lab 10: Energy Dynamics
Lab 11: Transpiration
Lab 12: Fruit Fly Behavior

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How to Use This Book
This book provides comprehensive review and extensive practice for the
latest AP Biology course and exam.
About the Exam
Start with Chapter 1, which summarizes the Big Ideas and the eight units of
this course, provides an exam overview, and discusses scoring. Review the
tips for answering each question type. Consult the suggested study plans to
map out your test prep.
Next, review Chapter 2, which covers the statistical tools you need for this
exam. Don’t worry if math isn’t your strongest skill—this chapter will teach
you simple calculations needed for test day.
Review and Practice
Study Chapters 3 through 23, which are organized according to the eight
units of AP Biology. The most complex material is divided into multiple
chapters to provide you with more manageable chunks of content. Every
chapter includes Learning Objectives that will be covered, a review of each
topic, dozens of figures that illustrate key concepts, and a set of multiple-
choice and short and long free-response practice questions (with detailed
answer explanations) to check your progress.
Then, review Chapter 24, which focuses on labs. While no specific labs
are required for this course, the curriculum emphasizes inquiry-based labs
that require you to make hypotheses, evaluate data, make predictions, and
justify your conclusions with evidence. This chapter covers 13 common labs
that allow you to refine your skills in applying these science practices.

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Practice Tests
This book concludes with two full-length practice tests that mirror the actual
exam in format, content, and level of difficulty. Each test is followed by
detailed answers and explanations for all questions.
Online Practice
There are also three additional full-length practice tests online. You may take
these tests in practice (untimed) mode or in timed mode. All questions are
answered and explained.
For Students
Whether you are using this book at the start of the school year or in the weeks
leading up to the exam, this book will provide you with the support you need
to maximize your score. Try to answer as many questions as you can before
checking the explanations to determine which topics you know well and
which chapters you need to review further. After studying the test-taking tips,
reviewing each topic, and completing every practice question and test, you
can (and will) achieve success on the AP Biology exam.
For Teachers
This book is fully aligned with the eight units and exam format outlined in
the latest AP Biology Course and Exam Description. You can use this book
as a resource in the classroom, or you can assign chapters as supplemental
reading or practice questions as homework or test material.

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