AP Biology Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 6 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2024)

Name: AP Biology Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 6 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2024)
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AP Biology Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 6 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2024) provides a step-by-step approach to mastering exam topics, offering clarity and confidence for test-takers.

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AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which is not affiliated with Barron’s and was not
involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
© Copyright 2024, 2023, 2022 by Kaplan North America, LLC, d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the
required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the
text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded,
decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval
system, including but not limited to generative artificial intelligence (gen AI) systems and machine
learning systems, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or
hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Published by Kaplan North America, LLC, d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
1515 West Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309
www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-9167-3

About the Author
Mary Wuerth has taught AP Biology for more than 20 years at Tamalpais
High School in Mill Valley, California. She earned her B.S. degree in
Biochemistry at UCLA and her M.S. degree in Biological Sciences at
Clemson University. In addition to having taught Biology at the College of
Marin, she has taught teens and teachers in a variety of environments, under
various circumstances, including as a visiting teacher and a remote teacher
prior to, and during, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mary has written items for the AP Biology exam, served as a Table
Leader for the scoring of the free-response questions on the AP Biology
exam, and served as chair for the Test Development Committee for the SAT
Subject Test in Biology. She has also been presenting AP Biology workshops
to new and experienced teachers around the world since 1999.
Mary is a winner of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Math and
Science Teaching and has received national awards for the use of technology
in the classroom. She was selected as one of 25 Lead Teachers for
WGBHTV’s Evolution Project and is currently serving as an HHMI
Biointeractive Ambassador.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
ABOUT THE EXAM
1 Introduction
Exam Format
Tips for Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions
Tips for Section II: Free-Response Questions
Scoring of the AP Biology Exam
Suggested Study Plans
2 Statistics in AP Biology
Overview
What Is a Null Hypothesis?
Chi-Square Test
Descriptive Statistics
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 1: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
3 Water
Overview
Water and the Importance of Hydrogen Bonds
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations

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4 Macromolecules
Overview
Biological Macromolecules
Protein Structure
Nucleic Acids
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
5 Cell Organelles, Membranes, and Transport
Overview
Cell Organelles and Their Functions
Endosymbiosis Hypothesis
The Advantages of Compartmentalization
The Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratios
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
What Can (and Cannot) Cross the Plasma Membrane
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
6 Movement of Water in Cells
Overview
Water Potential
Osmolarity and Its Regulation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 3: CELLULAR ENERGETICS
7 Enzymes
Overview
Enzyme Structure and Function
Environmental Factors that Affect Enzyme Function
Activation Energy in Chemical Reactions

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Energy and Metabolism/Coupled Reactions
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
8 Photosynthesis
Overview
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions (The Calvin Cycle)
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
9 Cellular Respiration
Overview
Glycolysis
Oxidation of Pyruvate
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Fermentation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 4: CELL COMMUNICATION AND CELL CYCLE
10 Cell Communication and Signaling
Overview
Types of Cell Signaling
Signal Transduction
Disruptions in Signal Transduction Pathways
Feedback Mechanisms
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
11 The Cell Cycle
Overview
Phases of the Cell Cycle
Regulation of the Cell Cycle, Cancer, and Apoptosis
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations

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UNIT 5: HEREDITY
12 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Overview
How Meiosis Works
How Meiosis Generates Genetic Diversity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
13 Mendelian Genetics and Probability
Overview
Mendelian Genetics
Probability in Genetics Problems
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
14 Non-Mendelian Genetics
Overview
Linked Genes
Multiple Gene Inheritance
Nonnuclear Inheritance
Phenotype = Genotype + Environment
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 6: GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION
15 DNA, RNA, and DNA Replication
Overview
Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA Replication
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
16 Transcription and Translation
Overview
Transcription in Prokaryotes vs. Transcription in Eukaryotes

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Translation
Flow of Information from the Nucleus to the Cell Membrane
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
17 Regulation and Mutations
Overview
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Gene Expression Helps Cells Specialize
Mutations
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
18 Biotechnology
Overview
Bacterial Transformation
Gel Electrophoresis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
CRISPR-Cas9
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 7: NATURAL SELECTION
19 Types of Selection
Overview
Evidence of Evolution
Natural Selection
Artificial Selection
Sexual Selection
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
20 Population Genetics
Overview
Population Genetics and Genetic Drift
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

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Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
21 Phylogeny, Speciation, and Extinction
Overview
Phylogeny and Common Ancestry
Speciation
Extinction
Modern-Day Examples of Continuing Evolution
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
UNIT 8: ECOLOGY
22 The Basics of Ecology
Overview
How Organisms Respond to Changes in the Environment
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
23 Population Ecology, Community Ecology, and Biodiversity
Overview
Population Ecology
K-Selected vs. r-Selected Populations
Community Ecology and Simpson’s Diversity Index
Biodiversity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
LAB REVIEW
24 Labs
Overview
Lab 1: Artificial Selection
Lab 2: Hardy-Weinberg
Lab 3: BLAST

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Lab 4: Diffusion and Osmosis
Lab 5: Photosynthesis
Lab 6: Cellular Respiration
Lab 7: Mitosis and Meiosis
Lab 8: Bacterial Transformation
Lab 9: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA
Lab 10: Energy Dynamics
Lab 11: Transpiration
Lab 12: Fruit Fly Behavior
Lab 13: Enzyme Activity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
PRACTICE TESTS
Practice Test 1
Section I: Multiple-Choice
Section II: Free-Response
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 2
Section I: Multiple-Choice
Section II: Free-Response
Answer Explanations
APPENDICES
A Frequently Used Formulas and Equations
B Choosing the Right Graph in AP Biology
Visit Barron’s Online Learning Hub for more full-length practice tests.

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How to Use This Book
This book provides comprehensive review and extensive practice for the
latest AP Biology course and exam.
About the Exam
Start with Chapter 1, which summarizes the Big Ideas and the eight units of
this course, provides an exam overview, and discusses scoring. Review the
tips for answering each question type. Consult the suggested study plans to
map out your test prep.
Next, review Chapter 2, which covers the statistical tests and descriptive
statistics you need for this exam. Don’t worry if math isn’t your strongest
skill—this chapter will teach you simple calculations needed for test day.
Review and Practice
Study Chapters 3 through 23, which are organized according to the eight
units of AP Biology. The most complex material is divided into multiple
chapters to provide you with more manageable chunks of content. Every
chapter includes Learning Objectives that will be covered, a review of each
topic, dozens of figures that illustrate key concepts, and a set of multiple-
choice and short and long free-response practice questions (with detailed
answer explanations) to check your progress.
Then, review Chapter 24, which focuses on labs. While no specific labs
are required for this course, the curriculum emphasizes inquiry-based labs
that require you to make hypotheses, evaluate data, make predictions, and
justify your conclusions with evidence. This chapter covers 13 common labs

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that allow you to refine your skills in applying these science practices.
Practice Tests
This book concludes with two full-length practice tests that mirror the actual
exam in format, content, and level of difficulty. Each test is followed by
detailed answers and explanations for all questions.
Online Practice
There are also four additional full-length practice tests online. You may take
these tests in practice (untimed) mode or in timed mode. All questions are
answered and explained.
For Students
Whether you are using this book at the start of the school year or in the weeks
leading up to the exam, this book will provide you with the support you need
to maximize your score. Try to answer as many questions as you can before
checking the explanations to determine which topics you know well and
which chapters you need to review further. After studying the test-taking tips,
reviewing each topic, and completing every practice question and test, you
can (and will) achieve success on the AP Biology exam.
For Teachers
This book is fully aligned with the eight units and exam format outlined in
the latest AP Biology Course and Exam Description. You can use this book
as a resource in the classroom, or you can assign chapters as supplemental
reading or practice questions as homework or test material.

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BARRON’S ESSENTIAL 5
As you review the content in this book to work toward earning that 5 on your
AP Biology exam, here are five things that you MUST know above
everything else:
Everything in AP Biology connects to the four Big Ideas. The AP Biology
course and exam are structured around four Big Ideas:
1. Evolution
2. Energetics
3. Information Storage and Transmission
4. Systems Interactions
As you review the eight units of AP Biology, notice how the Big Ideas are
interwoven throughout multiple units. For example, Big Idea 3 (Information
Storage and Transmission) is covered in five units. This idea is first
introduced in Unit 1 during the discussion of nucleic acids. This idea
reappears in many topics of Unit 4 (such as cell communication, signal
transduction, and the cell cycle) and in several topics of Unit 5 (including
Mendelian genetics and non-Mendelian genetics). Big Idea 3 is also included
in every topic of Unit 6 (gene expression and regulation). Finally, this
concept is covered in Unit 8, when discussing ecological responses to the
environment. As seen from this example, the Big Ideas are the foundation of
this course and exam, and it is important to recognize how each of these four
concepts connects with multiple units and topics.
Learn how to explain concepts and how to analyze visual
representations (Science Practices 1 and 2). You must be able to:
• Describe and explain biological concepts in applied situations
• Construct a visual model (a diagram or a graph) of the characteristics of a

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