AP English Language and Composition Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 8 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2025)

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AP English Language and Composition Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 8 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2025) ensures a well-rounded review with practice questions, theoretical concepts, and real-world applications.

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AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which is not affiliated with Barron’s and was not
involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
© Copyright 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2012, 2010, 2008 by Kaplan North
America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
Previous edition © Copyright 2004 by Kaplan North America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series,
under the title How to Prepare for the AP English Language and Composition.
Prior editions © Copyright 2000, 1997, 1992, 1987, 1984, 1980, and 1974 by Kaplan North America,
LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series, under the title How to Prepare for AP English.
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hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Published by Kaplan North America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
1515 West Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309
www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-9186-4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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About the Authors
George Ehrenhaft During his thirty-plus years as a high school English
teacher, George Ehrenhaft introduced many hundreds of students to the riches
of literature. He aimed to show how plot, character, and voice serve not only
as a means to convey what authors and poets hope to say in their writings, but
also, more important, to stimulate students to explore their own nature and
discover thoughts and feelings residing within themselves. In short, he
encouraged students not only to strive for 5’s on AP exams but also to engage
in a lifelong quest to learn what it means to be human.
Michael Schanhals Michael Schanhals has been an educator in the North
Muskegon Public Schools District in Michigan for 30 years. He has been a
part of the AP College Board Redesign Committee for AP English Literature,
as well as an instructor. Michael is part of the National Writing Project
Fellowship, is a Drawbridge Technology Consultant, and has a BA from
English Hope College as well as an MA of Curriculum and Instruction with
an emphasis in Writing from Michigan State University.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
Acknowledgments
1 Getting Acquainted with the Test
Structure of the Exam
Multiple-Choice Questions
Reading Techniques
How to Increase Your Reading Power
Answering the Questions
Essay Questions from Previous AP Exams
Sample Synthesis Essay Question
Sample Analytical Question
Sample Argumentative Question
How Essays Are Read and Evaluated
Interpreting Essay Scores
How to Score the Essays
Scoring Your Own Essays
2 Diagnostic Test
Introduction
Section I
Section II
Answer Explanations to Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers to Essay Questions
How to Score the Essays
Essay Evaluation Worksheet
Test Score Worksheet

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3 Mastering Multiple-Choice Questions
Reading and Rhetoric
Writing Questions
Sample Passage and Writing Questions
4 Mastering Essay Questions
Steps for Writing the Perfect Essay
Writing the Synthesis Essay
How to Write a Synthesis Essay
Sample Synthesis Essay Question
Writing an Analytical Essay
Planning Your Analytical Essay
Writing an Argumentative Essay
Argumentative Essay Topics for Practice
Arranging Ideas
AP Essay Writing Style
Editing and Proofreading Essays
Sample Analytical Essays
Answer Key to Mini-Workouts
5 Practice Tests
Practice Test 1
Section I
Section II
Answer Explanations to Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers to Essay Questions
How to Score the Essays
Essay Evaluation Worksheet
Test Score Worksheet
Practice Test 2
Section I
Section II
Answer Explanations to Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers to Essay Questions
How to Score the Essays
Essay Evaluation Worksheet
Test Score Worksheet

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Practice Test 3
Section I
Section II
Answer Explanations to Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers to Essay Questions
How to Score the Essays
Essay Evaluation Worksheet
Test Score Worksheet
Practice Test 4
Section I
Section II
Answer Explanations to Multiple-Choice Questions
Answers to Essay Questions
How to Score the Essays
Essay Evaluation Worksheet
Test Score Worksheet
Appendix
Glossary
Visit Barron’s Online Learning Hub for more full-length practice
tests.

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How to Use This Book
Welcome to the AP English Language and Composition exam. This book
will take you on a virtual trip through every nook and cranny of the test. Its
pages will acquaint you with the types of questions asked on the exam and
show you how to write high-scoring essays.
Review and Practice
You’ll find hundreds of sample questions and crucial test-taking tips. You’ll
also be introduced to principles of rhetoric and find a review of the grammar
you need to know for the exam.
Diagnostic Test
You can first take the Diagnostic Test to gain an understanding of your
strengths and weaknesses. You probably know that the AP English Language
and Composition exam tests your understanding of how writers use language
to convey meaning. It does this by asking you to respond to 45 multiple-
choice questions about the text of five nonfiction prose passages written for
different purposes and drawn from a range of historical periods.
The exam also contains three essay questions. The first essay is called the
synthesis essay because in constructing your essay you must incorporate, or
synthesize, material from at least three of five or more sources that comprise
the question, or prompt, as it is commonly called.
To answer the second essay question, you must identify and analyze the
rhetorical techniques used in a passage of nonfiction prose. A third question
asks you to write an argument for or against a disputable idea expressed in a

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brief statement or passage.
The exam lasts three hours and 15 minutes and consists of two sections.
The short-answer section takes one hour and counts for 45 percent of the total
score. The essay section, lasting two-and-a-quarter hours, comprises 55
percent of your grade. As you take the Diagnostic Test, you can set a timer to
create a similar setting.
SECTION I SECTION II
45 multiple-choice questions based on five
nonfiction prose passages
(One hour)
Two of the passages are followed by
reading/rhetoric questions. The other three
are followed by questions on writing.
Question 1
A synthesis essay that uses sources to support
your position on a given issue
Question 2
An essay that analyzes the style, rhetoric, and
use of language in a selected prose passage
Question 3
An essay in which you argue for or against
an idea expressed in a given statement or
brief prose passage
(Two hours and 15 minutes)
Practice Tests
The final section of the book offers the opportunity to take four full-length
practice tests that include all question types found on the actual exam. A
comprehensive answer explanation is provided for each multiple-choice
question, and a sample essay and rubric are provided for all writing. Take all
of the practice tests, of course. They are meant to give you that extra edge
that turns a good AP score into a better one.
Online Practice
There are three full-length online practice exams. You may take these exams
in practice (untimed) mode or in timed mode. All questions include answer
explanations.

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For Students
Your score on the test is reported on a scale of 1 to 5. In general, scores are
interpreted to mean that you are:
5 Extremely well qualified
4 Well qualifed
3 Qualified
2 Possibly qualified
1 Not recommended for AP credit
A high score on the exam demonstrates a proficiency in English at least on
a par with students who’ve passed an introductory college-level course in
composition or rhetoric. Some colleges award academic credit or offer more
advanced English courses to high-scoring students. Because each college or
university makes its own policies regarding AP scores, be sure to check with
the admissions office of the institution you hope to attend.
Keep in mind that preparation for the exam isn’t instantaneous. For most
students it’s a gradual and often painstaking process of study, review, and
more study. In other words, give yourself time. Take it slowly. If the exam is
months away, set aside, say, 30 minutes a day to work your way through the
pages of this book. Yes, 30 minutes takes a big bite out of a high school
student’s day, but to get ready for the AP exam, there’s no substitute for the
steady accumulation of knowledge over a long period of time. If time is short
between now and the exam, cramming may help you earn a good score,
especially if you familiarize yourself with the test instructions and the format
of the exam—but, frankly, cramming is a less than perfect approach.
Regardless of how you go about preparing for the exam, we wish you
luck. In May, when test day comes around, more than 500,000 students will
be taking the exam. We wish every one of them lots of luck, but because you
have used this book to prepare, we’ll be rooting especially for you.
For AP English Teachers
For many AP teachers across the country, this book has been an invaluable

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resource. They’ve used questions and exercises from the book to stimulate
thinking and inspire their students to write high-scoring essays. Some
teachers have used the book as an instant syllabus for their classes because it
contains so much of what a high-level course in language and composition
might offer, including:
Reading passages that range from easy to hard
Numerous exam questions, discussed and analyzed
Essential rhetorical terms
Sample student essays (with comments by AP readers)
Annotated passages
An analysis of the synthesis essay question
A full-length Diagnostic Test
Four complete practice exams
Three additional exams online
Full explanations of all answers
As veteran AP teachers, we know both the rewards you enjoy and the
onerous hardships you face every day. Here’s hoping that this book will
lighten your load and help you provide your students with the best possible
instruction as you prepare them for the AP exam.
George Ehrenhaft and Michael Schanhals

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BARRON’S
ESSENTIAL
5
If you’re aiming for a score of 5 on the AP English Language and
Composition exam, this book can help. But to reach your goal, here
are five things that you MUST do:
Familiarize yourself with the language and effects of
rhetoric. Both the short-answer and essay questions require
that you know how authors employ rhetorical strategies to
create effects and convey meaning. Become conversant with
the functions of tone, syntax, imagery, irony, point of view,
and the other rhetorical techniques.
Develop annotation skills. Nothing will build your ability to
analyze prose than a steady diet of annotation. Begin by
reading nonfiction prose passages in this book and elsewhere.
Make up your mind to figure out exactly what each author did
to compose the passage. Identify rhetorical techniques and,
more important, try to explain why the author chose each
rhetorical component.
Review elements of effective argumentation. Familiarity
with various forms of argumentation will help you in both the
multiple-choice and the essay sections of the exam. Whenever
you read nonfiction, pay attention to writers’ claims about the
subject. Examine the text for various kinds of evidence that
the author used to justify claims: e.g., forceful language,

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kinds of reasoning (e.g., deductive and inductive), the
testimony of experts, appeals to emotion, and much more.
Brush up on basic grammar skills. Don’t bother
memorizing terminology. Few, if any, multiple-choice
questions require it. Concentrate on writing error-free essays
because essay scores suffer when grammar rules are broken.
Proofread all your practice essays. Look particularly for:
sentence errors
lack of agreement between subjects and verbs
incorrect pronoun usage
errors in verb choice
Plan and practice an essay-writing process. Develop a
process for writing an essay in no more than forty minutes.
Build in time to read the question, think of a main idea, and
decide how to support it. Before you start writing, list your
ideas and arrange them in sensible order. While composing
your essay, be mindful of the need to:
develop coherent paragraphs containing evidence
that supports and develops the thesis
vary sentences
choose the best words to express ideas
provide a brief conclusion
Set aside time for editing and proofreading.

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