AP Environmental Science Premium, 2022-2023: 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2022-2023)

Name: AP Environmental Science Premium, 2022-2023: 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2022-2023)
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Simulate the real test environment with AP Environmental Science Premium, 2022-2023: 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2022-2023), a full-length certification exam guide.

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Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my wife, Patti, for her understanding and patience;
Brian Palm of Catholic Memorial High School in Roxbury, Massachusetts,
for his help in writing many of the free-response questions; and Jennifer
Goodenough, Alison Maresca, and the rest of the staff at Barron’s
Educational Series (a division of Kaplan Learning and Simon and Schuster)
for their advice and support over the years.

© Copyright 2022, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s
Educational Series
Previous edition © copyright 2002 under the title How to Prepare for the AP Environmental Science
Exam by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the
required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the
text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded,
decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval
system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter
invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
1515 West Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-7970-1
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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About the Author
Gary S. Thorpe taught A.P. Chemistry at Beverly Hills High School and
Environmental Science at various colleges in Los Angeles for 33 years. In his
“spare time,” Gary was a reserve Los Angeles Police Department patrol
officer for 28 years. Gary lives in Los Angeles and Idyllwild, California, with
his wife, Patti. Gary and Patti have two daughters: Lt. Commander Erin
Thorpe, U.S. Navy, and Kris Thorpe, a U.S.–foreign government contract
manager.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
Questions Commonly Asked About the APES Exam
1 The Living World: Ecosystems
1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems
1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
1.3 Aquatic Biomes
1.4 The Carbon Cycle
1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
1.7 The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
1.8 Primary Productivity
1.9 Trophic Levels
1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
2 The Living World: Biodiversity
2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
2.2 Ecosystem Services
2.3 Island Biogeography
2.4 Ecological Tolerance
2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
2.6 Adaptations
2.7 Ecological Succession
Practice Questions

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Answer Explanations
3 Populations
3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
3.3 Survivorship Curves
3.4 Carrying Capacity
3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
3.6 Age-Structure Diagrams
3.7 Total Fertility Rate
3.8 Human Population Dynamics
3.9 Demographic Transition
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
4 Earth Systems and Resources
4.1 Plate Tectonics
4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
4.4 Earth’s Atmosphere
4.5 Global Wind Patterns
4.6 Watershed
4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth’s Seasons
4.8 Earth’s Geography and Climate
4.9 El Niño and La Niña
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
5 Land and Water Use
5.1 “The Tragedy of the Commons”
5.2 Clear-Cutting
5.3 The Agricultural and Green Revolutions
5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
5.5 Irrigation Methods

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5.6 Pest-Control Methods
5.7 Meat Production Methods
5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
5.9 Impacts of Mining
5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
5.11 Urban Runoff and Methods to Reduce It
5.12 Ecological Footprints
5.13 Introduction to Sustainability
5.14 Sustainable Agriculture
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
6 Energy Resources and Consumption
6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
6.2 Global Energy Consumption
6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
6.4 Distribution of Renewable Energy Resources
6.5 Fossil Fuels
6.6 Nuclear Power
6.7 Energy from Biomass
6.8 Solar Energy
6.9 Hydroelectric Power
6.10 Geothermal Energy
6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cells
6.12 Wind Energy
6.13 Energy Conservation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
7 Atmospheric Pollution
7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
7.2 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
7.3 Photochemical Smog
7.4 Thermal (Temperature) Inversion

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7.5 Outdoor vs. Indoor Air Pollutants
7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
7.7 Acid Rain (Deposition)
7.8 Noise Pollution
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
8 Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
8.1 Sources of Pollution
8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
8.3 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
8.4 Endocrine Disruptors
8.5 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
8.6 Even More on Thermal Pollution
8.7 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
8.8 Solid Waste Disposal
8.9 Waste Reduction Methods
8.10 Sewage Treatment
8.11 Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)
8.12 Dose-Response Curve
8.13 Pollution and Human Health
8.14 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
9 Global Change
9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion
9.3 The Greenhouse Effect
9.4 Increases in Greenhouse Gases
9.5 Global Climate Change
9.6 Ocean Warming
9.7 Ocean Acidification
9.8 Biodiversity and Invasive Species

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How to Use This Book
This book offers a comprehensive review of the Enduring Understandings,
Key Concepts, Learning Objectives, and Essential Knowledge taught in the
AP Environmental Science course, with many content examples and practice
questions. Each element of this book is designed to prepare you for the exam.
Review and Practice
This book includes nine content review units that align with the nine units of
the AP Environmental Science course curriculum. In addition, each chapter
contains end-of-unit practice questions that highlight stimulus material, such
as graphs and tables, food webs, environmental diagrams, and maps. All
multiple-choice and free-response questions include answer explanations and
sample scoring.
Practice Tests
The final section of the book offers the opportunity to take two full-length
practice tests that include all question types found on the actual exam. There
are 80 multiple-choice questions on the exam with only four answer choices.
You will have 90 minutes for the multiple-choice questions. There are three
FRQs free-response questions, or essay questions, on the exam, which you
must answer in 70 minutes. A comprehensive answer explanation is provided
for each multiple-choice question, and a rubric is provided for all free-
response questions.
Online Practice
There are three full-length online practice exams. You may take these exams
in practice (untimed) mode or in timed mode. All questions include answer

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explanations. This book also includes online virtual labs for each chapter.
Reinforce your understanding of environmental science by reviewing
simulated laboratory experiments. All lab questions are fully explained.
For Students
Because the 2021–2022 school year is the fourth year of the newly
redesigned course and test, you have the opportunity to prepare for the exam
by concentrating on the areas that the College Board has identified as
“essential knowledge.” This review book highlights the key concepts in each
unit and explains them by giving content examples. How you use the book
depends on how your school offers the course. Nevertheless, by answering
the review questions at the end of each unit and by taking the practice tests,
you will have an indication of how well you will do on the actual exam.
For Teachers
Suggest to your students that they use this book along with their textbook. If
you develop your own assignments and tests around the Enduring
Understandings, Key Concepts, Learning Objectives, and Essential
Knowledge found in the College Board’s 2018–2019 AP Environmental
Science Curriculum Framework, this book should offer your students the
opportunity to use the material for review.

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BARRON’S ESSENTIAL 5
As you review the content in this book and work toward earning
that 5 on your AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE exam, here are
five things that you MUST do:
1 Practice writing your own answers to the free-response questions
(FRQs). After you review each FRQ, close this book and write your
own response to the question. Then, compare your answers to those in
this book. The more you practice writing your own responses, the
higher your score will be on the actual APES exam.
2 Be sure to review the Case Studies presented in this book. You will
find several questions on the exam that focus on specific events that
have occurred throughout recent history and involve environmental
science principles and issues. When possible, reference these Case
Studies in your responses to the FRQs.
3 The AP Environmental Science exam now focuses on having you
analyze data and draw logical conclusions. All practice tests in this
new tenth edition are written to reinforce those required skills.
4 Become comfortable with doing the types of math problems found
in this book, especially those involving energy calculations. These
types of problems are found in Unit 6 and in all 5 practice exams.
5 Review the relevant acts, laws, and treaties detailed in each chapter.

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