AP Environmental Science Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2025)

Name: AP Environmental Science Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2025)
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AP Environmental Science Premium, 2025: Prep Book with 5 Practice Tests + Comprehensive Review (2025) provides a clear roadmap to mastering key concepts, boosting your confidence and exam performance.

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AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which is not affiliated
with Barron’s and was not involved in the production of, and does not
endorse, this product.
© Copyright 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007 by
Kaplan North America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
Previous edition © copyright 2002 under the title How to Prepare for the AP
Environmental Science Exam by Kaplan North America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s
Educational Series
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright
Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the
non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook
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systems, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now
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publisher.
Published by Kaplan North America, LLC d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
1515 West Cypress Creek Road
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309
www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-9190-1
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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About the Author
Gary S. Thorpe taught A.P. Chemistry at Beverly Hills High School and
Environmental Science at various colleges in Los Angeles for 33 years. In his
“spare time,” Gary was a reserve Los Angeles Police Department patrol
officer for 28 years. Gary lives in Los Angeles and Idyllwild, California, with
his wife, Patti. Gary and Patti have two daughters: Lt. Commander Erin
Thorpe, U.S. Navy, and Kris Weissman, Program Design and
Implementation Director – Broderick-Haight Consulting.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
Questions Commonly Asked About the APES Exam
1 The Living World: Ecosystems
1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems
1.2 Terrestrial Biomes
1.3 Aquatic Biomes
1.4 The Carbon Cycle
1.5 The Nitrogen Cycle
1.6 The Phosphorus Cycle
1.7 The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
1.8 Primary Productivity
1.9 Trophic Levels
1.10 Energy Flow and the 10% Rule
1.11 Food Chains and Food Webs
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
2 The Living World: Biodiversity
2.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
2.2 Ecosystem Services
2.3 Island Biogeography

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2.4 Ecological Tolerance
2.5 Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
2.6 Adaptations
2.7 Ecological Succession
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
3 Populations
3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
3.2 K-Selected and r-Selected Species
3.3 Survivorship Curves
3.4 Carrying Capacity
3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
3.6 Age-Structure Diagrams
3.7 Total Fertility Rate
3.8 Human Population Dynamics
3.9 Demographic Transition
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
4 Earth Systems and Resources
4.1 Plate Tectonics
4.2 Soil Formation and Erosion
4.3 Soil Composition and Properties
4.4 Earth’s Atmosphere
4.5 Global Wind Patterns
4.6 Watersheds
4.7 Solar Radiation and Earth’s Seasons
4.8 Earth’s Geography and Climate
4.9 El Niño and La Niña

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Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
5 Land and Water Use
5.1 “The Tragedy of the Commons”
5.2 Clearcutting
5.3 The Agricultural and Green Revolutions
5.4 Impacts of Agricultural Practices
5.5 Irrigation Methods
5.6 Pest Control Methods
5.7 Meat Production Methods
5.8 Impacts of Overfishing
5.9 Impacts of Mining
5.10 Impacts of Urbanization
5.11 Ecological Footprints
5.12 Introduction to Sustainability
5.13 Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
5.14 Integrated Pest Management
5.15 Sustainable Agriculture
5.16 Aquaculture
5.17 Sustainable Forestry
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
6 Energy Resources and Consumption
6.1 Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
6.2 Global Energy Consumption
6.3 Fuel Types and Uses
6.4 Distribution of Natural Energy Sources
6.5 Fossil Fuels

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6.6 Nuclear Power
6.7 Energy from Biomass
6.8 Solar Energy
6.9 Hydroelectric Power
6.10 Geothermal Energy
6.11 Hydrogen Fuel Cells
6.12 Wind Energy
6.13 Energy Conservation
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
7 Atmospheric Pollution
7.1 Introduction to Air Pollution
7.2 Photochemical Smog
7.3 Thermal (Temperature) Inversion
7.4 Atmospheric CO2 and Particulates
7.5 Indoor Air Pollutants
7.6 Reduction of Air Pollutants
7.7 Acid Rain (Deposition)
7.8 Noise Pollution
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
8 Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
8.1 Sources of Pollution
8.2 Human Impacts on Ecosystems
8.3 Endocrine Disruptors
8.4 Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
8.5 Eutrophication
8.6 Thermal Pollution

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8.7 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
8.8 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
8.9 Solid Waste Disposal
8.10 Waste Reduction Methods
8.11 Sewage Treatment
8.12 Lethal Dose (LD50)
8.13 Dose-Response Curve
8.14 Pollution and Human Health
8.15 Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
9 Global Change
9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion
9.3 The Greenhouse Effect
9.4 Increases in Greenhouse Gases
9.5 Global Climate Change
9.6 Ocean Warming
9.7 Ocean Acidification
9.8 Invasive Species
9.9 Endangered Species
9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Practice Questions
Answer Explanations
PRACTICE TESTS
Practice Test 1
Answer Explanations

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How to Use This Book
This book offers a comprehensive review of the Enduring Understandings,
Key Concepts, Learning Objectives, and Essential Knowledge taught in the
AP Environmental Science course, with many content examples and practice
questions. Each element of this book is designed to prepare you for the exam.
Review and Practice
This book includes nine content review units that align with the nine units of
the AP Environmental Science course curriculum. In addition, each chapter
contains end-of-unit practice questions that highlight stimulus material, such
as graphs and tables, food webs, environmental diagrams, and maps. All
multiple-choice and free-response questions include answer explanations and
sample scoring.
Practice Tests
The final section of this book offers the opportunity to take two full-length
practice tests that include all question types found on the actual exam. There
are 80 multiple-choice questions on the exam with only four answer choices.
You will have 90 minutes for the multiple-choice questions. There are three
FRQs free-response questions, or essay questions, on the exam, which you
must answer in 70 minutes. A comprehensive answer explanation is provided
for each multiple-choice question, and a rubric is provided for all free-
response questions.
Online Practice

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There are three full-length practice exams available at
online.barronsbooks.com. You may take these exams in practice (untimed)
mode or in timed mode. All questions include answer explanations. This
book also includes online virtual labs for each chapter. Reinforce your
understanding of environmental science by reviewing simulated laboratory
experiments. All lab questions are fully explained.
For Students
By using this book, you have the opportunity to prepare for the exam by
concentrating on the areas that the College Board has identified as “essential
knowledge.” This book highlights the key concepts in each unit and explains
them by giving content examples. How you use the book depends on how
your school offers the course. Nevertheless, by answering the review
questions at the end of each unit and by taking the practice tests, you will
have an indication of how well you will do on the actual exam.
For Teachers
Suggest to your students that they use this book along with their textbook. If
you develop your own assignments and tests around the Enduring
Understandings, Key Concepts, Learning Objectives, and Essential
Knowledge found in the College Board’s recently revised AP Environmental
Science Curriculum Framework, this book should offer your students the
opportunity to use the material for review.
This book and its online features were designed to be used beginning on
Day 1. Advise your students to not wait until a few weeks before the APES
testing day to begin reviewing. Many teachers use this book along with the
textbook during the course of the year. Be sure to have students mark the
practice questions in this book that they missed so that it is easier for them to
go back later to review them before the exam.
Please Note: Barron’s AP Environmental Science Flashcards can also be
used in tandem with this guide for additional practice. The flashcards are
organized by units and are aligned with the College Board AP Environmental
Science Course. It is great for a whole class review or individual study.

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BARRON’S ESSENTIAL 5
As you review the content in this book and work
toward earning that 5 on your AP
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE exam, here are five
things that you MUST do:
1 Practice writing your own answers to the free-response questions
(FRQs) found in the two full-length practice exams at the end of this
book and the three full-length online practice exams. After you review
each FRQ, close this book and write your own response to the question.
Then, compare your answers to those in this book. The more you
practice writing your own responses, the higher your score will be on the
actual APES exam.
2 Be sure to review the Case Studies presented in this book. You will
find several questions on the exam that focus on specific events that
have occurred throughout recent history and involve environmental
science principles and issues. When possible, reference these Case
Studies in your responses to the FRQs.
3 The AP Environmental Science exam focuses on having you analyze
data and draw logical conclusions. All practice tests in this fully
aligned edition are written to reinforce those required skills.
4 Become comfortable with doing the types of math problems found in
this book, especially those involving calculations. These types of
problems are found in each practice exam.

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