AP Statistics Premium, 2024 (2024)

Name: AP Statistics Premium, 2024 (2024)
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Author: Anna Wilson

Prepare smarter with AP Statistics Premium, 2024 (2024) , offering a concise yet detailed overview of key topics and practice questions.

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Acknowledgments
Thanks to Kaplan’s Samantha Karasik, editor, and Tara Rupiper, production editor, for their guidance.
Dawn Dentato and Paul Buckley have been of immense editorial help with proofreading this edition,
and for that I am extremely grateful. Thanks to my brother, Allan, my sister-in-law, Marilyn, my sons,
Jonathan and Jeremy, my daughters-in-law, Asia and Cheryl, and my grandchildren, Jaiden, Jordan,
Josiah, Luna, Jayme, and Layla, for their heartfelt love and support. Most of all, thanks are due to my
wife, Faith, whose love, warm encouragement, and always calm and optimistic perspective on life
provide a home environment in which deadlines can be met and goals easily achieved. My sincere
appreciation goes to the participants who have attended my AP Statistics workshops for teaching me
just as much as I have taught them, and special thanks for their many useful suggestions are due to the
following exceptional teachers:
David Bock Ithaca High School, Ithaca, NY (retired)
Paul Buckley Gonzaga College High School, Washington, DC
Dawn Dentato Somers High School, Lincolndale, NY (retired)
Jared Derksen Rancho Cucamonga High School, Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Sarah Johnson Grand Blanc High School, Grand Blanc, MI
Lee Kucera University of California, Irvine, CA
Laura Marshall Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NH
Brendan Murphy John Bapst Memorial High School, Bangor, ME
Leigh Nataro Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA
Kenn Pendleton Montgomery College, Germantown, MD
Adam Riazi Cabell Midland High School, Ona, WV
Penny Smeltzer Austin Peace Academy, Austin, TX
Daren Starnes The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ
Josh Tabor Canyon del Oro High School, Oro Valley, Arizona
Jane Viau Frederick Douglass Academy, New York, NY
Dawn White Silver Lake Regional High School, Kingston, MA
Luke Wilcox East Kentwood High School, Kentwood, MI
Dash Young-Saver KIPP University Prep High School, San Antonio, TX
Martin Sternstein
Ithaca College

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AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which is not affiliated with Barron’s and was not
involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
© Copyright 2023, 2022, 2020, 2019, 2017, 2015, 2013, 2012, 2010, 2007 by Kaplan North America,
LLC, d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
© Copyright 2004, 2000, 1998 by Kaplan North America, LLC, d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series,
under the title How to Prepare for the AP Advanced Placement Exam in Statistics.
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ISBN: 978-1-5062-8815-4
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About the Author
Dr. Martin Sternstein, Professor Emeritus at Ithaca College, was honored by Princeton Review as one
of the nation’s “300 Best College Professors.” He is a long-time College Board consultant and has been
a Reader and Table Leader for the AP Statistics exam for many years. He has strong interests in
national educational and social issues concerning equal access to math education for all. For two years,
he was a Fulbright Professor in Liberia, West Africa, after which he developed a popular “Math in
Africa” course, and he is the only mathematician to have given a presentation at the annual Conference
on African Linguistics. He also taught the first U.S. course for college credit in chess theory.

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Table of Contents
How to Use This Book
Barron’s Essential 5
Exam Overview
PART 1: DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Diagnostic Test
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
AP Score for the Diagnostic Test
Study Guide for the Diagnostic Test Multiple-Choice Questions
PART 2: UNITS REVIEW
UNIT 1: Exploring One-Variable Data
Categorical Variables
Representing a Quantitative Variable with Tables and Graphs
Describing the Distribution of a Quantitative Variable
Quiz 1
Summary Statistics for a Quantitative Variable
Graphical Representations of Summary Statistics
Comparing Distributions of a Quantitative Variable
Quiz 2
The Normal Distribution
Quiz 3
Summary
UNIT 2: Exploring Two-Variable Data

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Two Categorical Variables
Quiz 4
Two Quantitative Variables
Correlation
Least Squares Regression
Residuals
Outliers, Influential Points, and Leverage
More on Regression
Transformations to Achieve Linearity
Quiz 5
Quiz 6
Summary
UNIT 3: Collecting Data
Retrospective Versus Prospective Observational Studies
Bias
Sampling Methods
Sampling Variability
Quiz 7
Experiments Versus Observational Studies
The Language of Experiments
Replication and Generalizability of Results
Inference and Experiments
Quiz 8
Summary
UNIT 4: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
The Law of Large Numbers
Basic Probability Rules
Multistage Probability Calculations
Quiz 9
Random Variables, Means (Expected Values), and Standard Deviations
Means and Variances for Sums and Differences of Sets
Means and Variances for Sums and Differences of Random Variables
Transforming Random Variables

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Quiz 10
Binomial Distribution
Geometric Distribution
Quiz 11
Cumulative Probability Distribution
Summary
UNIT 5: Sampling Distributions
Normal Distribution Calculations
Quiz 12
Central Limit Theorem
Biased and Unbiased Estimators
Sampling Distribution for Sample Proportions
Sampling Distribution for Differences in Sample Proportions
Sampling Distribution for Sample Means
Sampling Distribution for Differences in Sample Means
Simulation of a Sampling Distribution
Quiz 13
Summary
UNIT 6: Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
The Meaning of a Confidence Interval
Conditions for Inference
Confidence Interval for a Proportion
Quiz 14
Quiz 15
Logic of Significance Testing
Significance Test for a Proportion
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions
Significance Test for the Difference of Two Proportions
Quiz 16
Quiz 17
Summary
UNIT 7: Inference for Quantitative Data: Means

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The t-Distribution
Confidence Interval for a Mean
Quiz 18
Significance Test for a Mean
Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means
Significance Test for the Difference of Two Means
Paired Data
Quiz 19
Simulations and P-Values
Quiz 20
More on Power, Type I Errors, and Type II Errors
Quiz 21
Confidence Intervals versus Hypothesis Tests
Summary
UNIT 8: Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
Chi-Square Test for Goodness-of-Fit
Chi-Square Test for Independence
Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
Quiz 22
Summary
UNIT 9: Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
Sampling Distribution for the Slope
Confidence Interval for the Slope of a Least Squares Regression Line
Hypothesis Test for Slope of Least Squares Regression Line
Quiz 23
Quiz 24
Summary
PART 3: FINAL REVIEW
Final Review
Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure
Quiz 25

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Quiz 26
Statistical Insights into Social Issues
Quiz 27
Quiz 28
The Investigative Task: Free-Response Question 6
Quiz 29
50 Misconceptions
50 Common Errors on the AP Exam
50 AP Exam Hints, Advice, and Reminders
PART 4: PRACTICE TESTS
Practice Test 1
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 2
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 3
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 4
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
Practice Test 5
Answer Key
Answer Explanations
PART 5: APPENDICES
Appendices

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How to Use This Book
This book provides comprehensive review and extensive practice for the latest AP Statistics course and
exam.
About the Exam
Start with the Exam Overview, which outlines the exam format. Familiarize yourself with all of the
units covered on this test, review the different question types, and learn how the exam will be scored.
Diagnostic Test
Next, take the full-length diagnostic test in Part 1 to determine which topics you know well and which
ones you may want to brush up on. Complete the entire test, and then check all of the answer
explanations, especially for any questions you may have missed. Then, consult the Study Guide for
units in the book that you should focus your review on.
Review and Practice
Study all 9 chapters in Part 2, which are organized according to the nine units of AP Statistics, and
cover the topics recommended by the AP Statistics Development Committee. Every chapter includes
Learning Objectives that will be covered, a review of each topic, dozens of figures and tables that
illustrate key concepts, and end-of-chapter summaries. Interspersed among these units are 29 quizzes
(mini-AP exams with both multiple-choice and free-response questions), which should be used as
progress checks.
Then, consult Part 3, the Final Review, which has several invaluable sections.
■ “Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure” offers hints on inference recognition followed
by two quizzes on naming the procedure to use, defining parameters, listing conditions to be
checked, and stating hypotheses, if appropriate.
■ “Statistical Insights into Social Issues” includes two quizzes of comprehensive review questions
that cover the whole AP Statistics curriculum. These quizzes aim to give an appreciation of the
power of statistics and show how this subject gives insights into some of society’s most
pressing issues.
■ “The Investigative Task” helps you prepare for free-response Question 6, which counts for one-

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eighth of your total grade on the exam; there are three illustrative examples followed by a quiz
with seven practice investigative tasks.
■ “50 Misconceptions,” “50 Common Errors on the AP Exam,” and “50 AP Exam Hints, Advice,
and Reminders” provide tips to remember and pitfalls to avoid on test day.
Practice Tests
There are five full-length practice tests in the book that mirror the actual exam in format, content, and
level of difficulty. Each test is followed by detailed answers and explanations for all questions.
Appendices
The end of this book consists of a series of helpful appendices, including the answers and explanations
for all quizzes, important formulas to know, basic uses for common graphing calculators, and much
more. Be sure to go over these sections before completing your final review.
Online Practice
There are also three additional full-length practice tests online where all questions are answered and
explained. You may take these tests in practice (untimed) mode or in timed mode.
For Students
This book is intended both as a topical review during the year and as a final review in the weeks before
the AP exam. Study the text and illustrative examples carefully, and try to complete the practice quiz
problems before referring to the solutions. Simply reading the detailed explanations without first
striving to work through the questions on your own is not the best approach. Remember, mathematics is
not a spectator sport! Use the practice quizzes at appropriate times throughout the school year, and you
will develop confidence and a deeper understanding of the material.
A good piece of advice is to develop critical practices (like checking
assumptions and conditions), acquire strong technical skills, and always write
clear and thorough, yet to the point, interpretations and conclusions in
context. Final answers to most problems should not be numbers, but rather
sentences explaining and analyzing numerical results. To help develop skills
and insights to tackle AP free-response questions (which often choose
contexts students haven’t seen before), read newspapers and magazines, and
figure out how to apply what you are learning to better understand articles
that reference numbers, graphs, and studies.
The AP Statistics course is one of the fastest growing and most important

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