AP US History: With 2 Practice Tests (2020)

Name: AP US History: With 2 Practice Tests (2020)
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Author: Elijah Nelson

AP US History: With 2 Practice Tests (2020) breaks down difficult exam topics into easily digestible questions and answers.

Elijah Nelson

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Table of Contents
Barron’s AP® United States History with 2 Practice Tests
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Information
About the Author
Barron’s Essential 5
INTRODUCTION
Preparing for the Advanced Placement United States History
Exam
Using This Book to Help You Prepare for the Exam
1 Historical Thinking Skills, Reasoning Processes, and Themes
Historical Thinking Skills and Reasoning Processes
Historical Thinking Skills
Reasoning Processes
Themes in U.S. History
2 Navigating the Advanced Placement United States History
Exam
Multiple-Choice Questions
Short-Answer Questions
Document-Based Question
Long Essay Question
Answers and Explanations
REVIEW SECTION—TIME PERIODS
3 Period 1: 1491–1607 The Meeting of Three Peoples
Topic 1.1 Contextualizing Period 1
Topic 1.2 Native American Societies Before European
Contact
Topic 1.3 European Exploration in the Americas
Topic 1.4 Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and
Conquest
Topic 1.5 Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial
System
Topic 1.6 Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native

Americans, and Africans
Topic 1.7 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
4 Period 2: 1607–1754 Patterns of Empire and Resistance
Topic 2.1 Contextualizing Period 2
Topic 2.2 European Colonization
Topic 2.3 The Regions of British Colonies
Topic 2.4 Transatlantic Trade
Topic 2.5 Interactions Between American Indians and
Europeans
Topic 2.6 Slavery in the British Colonies
Topic 2.7 Colonial Society and Culture
Topic 2.8 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
5 Period 3: 1754–1800 The Crisis of Empire, Revolution, and
Nation Building
Topic 3.1 Contextualizing Period 3
Topic 3.2 The Seven Years' War (The French and Indian War)
Topic 3.3 Taxation Without Representation
Topic 3.4 Philosophical Foundations of the American
Revolution
Topic 3.5 The American Revolution
Topic 3.6 The Influence of Revolutionary Ideas
Topic 3.7 The Articles of Confederation
Topic 3.8 The Constitutional Convention and Debates over
Ratification
Topic 3.9 The Constitution
Topic 3.10 Shaping the New Republic
Topic 3.11 Developing an American Identity
Topic 3.12 Movement in the Early Republic
Topic 3.13 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key

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Answers and Explanations
6 Period 4: 1800–1848 The Meaning of Democracy in an Era of
Economic and Territorial Expansion
Topic 4.1 Contextualizing Period 4
Topic 4.2 The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson
Topic 4.3 Politics and Regional Interests
Topic 4.4 America on the World Stage
Topic 4.5 Market Revolution: Economic Transformations
Topic 4.6 Market Revolution: Society and Culture
Topic 4.7 Expanding Democracy
Topic 4.8 Jackson and Federal Power
Topic 4.9 The Development of an American Culture
Topic 4.10 The Second Great Awakening
Topic 4.11 An Age of Reform
Topic 4.12 African Americans in the Early Republic
Topic 4.13 The Society of the South in the Early Republic
Topic 4.14 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
7 Period 5: 1844–1877 Slavery, Civil War, and the
Transformation of American Society
Topic 5.1 Contextualizing Period 5
Topic 5.2 Manifest Destiny
Topic 5.3 The Mexican-American War
Topic 5.4 The Compromise of 1850
Topic 5.5 Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences
Topic 5.6 Failure to Compromise
Topic 5.7 Election of 1860 and Secession
Topic 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
Topic 5.9 Government Policies During the Civil War
Topic 5.10 Reconstruction
Topic 5.11 Failure of Reconstruction
Topic 5.12 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations

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8 Period 6: 1865–1898 The Challenges of the Era of
Industrialization
Topic 6.1 Contextualizing Period 6
Topic 6.2 Westward Expansion: Economic Development
Topic 6.3 Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural
Development
Topic 6.4 The "New South"
Topic 6.5 Technological Innovation
Topic 6.6 The Rise of Industrial Capitalism
Topic 6.7 Labor in the Gilded Age
Topic 6.8 Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age
Topic 6.9 Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age
Topic 6.10 Development of the Middle Class
Topic 6.11 Reform in the Gilded Age
Topic 6.12 Controversies over the Role of Government in the
Gilded Age
Topic 6.13 Politics in the Gilded Age
Topic 6.14 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
9 Period 7: 1890–1945 Economic Dislocation and Reform in the
Age of Empire and World War
Topic 7.1 Contextualizing Period 7
Topic 7.2 Imperialism: Debates
Topic 7.3 The Spanish-American War and Its Aftermath
Topic 7.4 The Progressives
Topic 7.5 World War I: Military and Diplomacy
Topic 7.6 World War I: Home Front
Topic 7.7 1920s: Innovation in Communications and
Technology
Topic 7.8 1920s: Cultural and Political Controversies
Topic 7.9 The Great Depression
Topic 7.10 The New Deal
Topic 7.11 Interwar Foreign Policy
Topic 7.12 World War II: Mobilization
Topic 7.13 World War II: Military

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Topic 7.14 Postwar Diplomacy
Topic 7.15 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
10 Period 8: 1945–1980 Redefining Democracy in the Era of
Cold War and Liberal Ascendancy
Topic 8.1 Contextualizing Period 8
Topic 8.2 The Cold War from 1945 to 1980
Topic 8.3 The Red Scare
Topic 8.4 The Economy after 1945
Topic 8.5 Culture after 1945
Topic 8.6 Early Steps in the Civil Rights Movement (1940s
and 1950s)
Topic 8.7 America as a World Power
Topic 8.8 The Vietnam War
Topic 8.9 The Great Society
Topic 8.10 The African–American Civil Rights Movement
(1960s)
Topic 8.11 The Civil Rights Movement Expands
Topic 8.12 Youth Culture of the 1960s
Topic 8.13 The Environment and Natural Resources from
1968 to 1980
Topic 8.14 Society in Transition
Topic 8.15 Subject to Debate
Practice Multiple-Choice Questions
Answer Key
Answers and Explanations
11 Period 9: 1980–Present Political and Foreign Policy
Adjustments in a Globalized World
Topic 9.1 Contextualizing Period 9
Topic 9.2 Reagan, Conservatism, and Partisan Divisions
Topic 9.3 The End of the Cold War
Topic 9.4 A Changing Economy
Topic 9.5 Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s
Topic 9.6 Challenges of the 21st Century
Topic 9.7 Subject to Debate

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Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012 by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the
required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read
the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded,
decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and
retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or
hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Published by Kaplan, Inc., d/b/a Barron’s Educational Series
750 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017
www.barronseduc.com
ISBN: 978-1-5062-7095-1

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About the Author
Eugene V. Resnick has taught in the Social Studies Department at Midwood
High School in Brooklyn, New York, over 28 years; he has taught AP United
States History for 20 of those years. He received a Master’s degree in
United States History from Brooklyn College.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to extend my gratitude to Sharone David for her invaluable
editorial assistance and guidance, to Mark Willner, Joe Peters, and Danielle
Shapiro for their assistance with this project, and to my colleagues, past
and present, at Midwood High School, who have provided me with advice,
feedback, and inspiration. In addition, I would like to thank the many
students who have taken my Advanced Placement United States History
class; I have learned much from them. Finally, many thanks to the staff at
Barron’s Educational Series. I am deeply indebted to Stuart Murray and
John Evans for their excellent copyediting work, and to the outstanding
editorial work of Peter Mavrikis, Kristen Girardi, and Christine Ricketts. This
book is dedicated to two excellent teachers, my sisters, Naomi Schwartz
and Ruth Resnick Johnson.

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Barron’s Essential 5
As you review the content in this book and work toward earning that 5 on
your AP U.S. HISTORY exam, here are five things that you MUST know
above everything else.
How to think like a historian. The questions on the AP U.S. History
exam are all built around historical thinking skills and reasoning
processes. The College Board has identified six historical thinking skills
and three reasoning processes that are central to the exam and to the
broader field of history. The six skills—developments and processes,
sourcing and situation, claims and evidence in sources,
contextualization, making connections, and argumentation—encourage
you to develop the habits of mind required for a critical examination of
the past. The three reasoning processes—comparison, causation, and
continuity and change—focus on constructing and evaluating historical
arguments about the past. These skills and processes encourage
students to go beyond memorization and to engage with the past in
complex and sophisticated ways.
1.
How to read documents. Documents are the building blocks of history
and are central to the AP exam. All of the multiple-choice questions and
the short-answer questions are built around primary or secondary
documents. In addition, the document-based essay question asks you
to analyze a series of documents as you construct a response to the
question. Focus on how documents relate to the question and on how
documents often relate to one another. Remember that historical
2.

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documents contain a point of view. You should be able to read a diary
entry, a newspaper article, a speech, or an argument by a historian and
ascertain the point of view and intent of the author.
Themes of growth and conflict in American history. The rapid growth
of the United States—territorially, economically, and demographically—
is unprecedented in world history. On the one hand, this growth
decimated Native American cultures; on the other, the nation has
provided a haven for immigrants. The territorial growth of the country—
inspired by the spirit of “manifest destiny”—intensified the debate over
slavery in the antebellum period. The series of compromises over
expansion eventually unraveled and helped bring about the Civil War.
The economic and territorial growth of the United States continued in
the period following the Spanish-American War, as the United States
joined the other imperialist powers of the world. Be familiar with the
causes of American expansion as well as the profound impacts.
3.
The changing nature of the American experiment in democracy. The
United States had made major contributions to the literature and the
practice of modern representative government. However, be aware that
democracy did not emerge fully formed with the birth of the nation.
Americans have struggled over the meaning of democracy throughout
American history. Abigail Adams encouraged her husband, John, to
“remember the ladies” at the time of the creation of the United States.
Slavery and the “Jim Crow” system excluded African Americans from
the American experiment in democracy. The civil rights movement
struggled to fully include African Americans in the democratic system.
These conflicts over the meaning of democracy are crucial to
understanding the evolution of the United States.
4.
The dynamic nature of history. Traditional historians saw history as5.

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unidirectional—emanating from the minds and priorities of the elites in
society. More recently, historians have seen events as part of a more
dynamic process. Social and cultural historians have explored “history
from below.” As you study, look for such connections and interactions in
history. For instance, while it is important to remember that President
Lyndon Johnson endorsed and pushed for passage of the 1964 Civil
Rights Act, you should be able to connect that with the growth of the
grassroots civil rights movement, with the violent backlash against the
movement, with shifts within the major political parties, and with the
dynamics of the Cold War. Historical events do not occur in isolation of
one another. Therefore, memorizing discrete events in American history
is not sufficient for success on the AP exam.

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