CCNA 1 v7.0 Curriculum: Module 1 - Networking Today
Apr 1,2020 Last Updated: May 2, 2023 CCNA v7.D, CCNA v7 Course #1
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Contents
1.0. Introduction
1.0.1. Why should
I
take this module?
1.0.2. What will
I
learn to do in this module?
1.0.5 Packet Tracer
-
Logical and Physical Mode Exploration
1
.1
.
Networks Affect our Lives
1.1.1. Networks Connect Us
1.1.2. Video
-
The Cisco Networking Academy Learning Experience
1.1.3. No Boundaries
1.2. Network Components
1.2.1. Host Roles
1.2.2. Peer-to-Peer
1.2.3. End Devices
1.2.4. Intermediary Devices
1.2.5. Network Media
1.3. Network Representations and Topologies
1.3.1. Network Representations
1.3.2. Topology Diagrams
1.4. Common Types of Networks
1.4.1. Networks of Many Sizes
1.4.2. LANs and WANs
1.4.3. The Internet
1.4.4. Intranets and Extranets
1.5. Internet Connections
1.5.1. Internet Access Technologies
1.5.2. Home and Small Office Internet Connections
1.5.3. Businesses Internet Connections
1.5.4. The Converging Network
1.5.5 Packet Tracer
-
Network Representation
1.6. Reliable Networks
1.6.1. Network Architecture
1.6.2. Fault Tolerance
1.6.3. Scalability
1.6.4. Quality of Service
1.6.5. Network Security

1.7. Network Trends
1.7.1. Recent Trends
1.7.2. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
1.7.3. Online Collaboration
1.7.4. Video Communications
1.7.5. Video - Cisco Webex for Huddles
1.7.6. Cloud Computing
1.7.7. Technology Trends in the Home
1.7.8. Powerline Networking
1.7.9. Wireless Broadband
1.8. Network Security
1.8.1. Security Threats
1.8.2. Security Solutions
1.9. The IT Professional
1.9.1. CCNA
1.9.2. Networking Jobs
1.9.3. Lab - Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities
1.10. Module Practice and Quiz
1.10.1. What did I learn in this module?
1.10.2 Module Quiz - Networking Today
1.0. Introduction
1.0.1. Why should I take this module?
Welcome to Networking Today!
Congratulations! This module starts you on your path to a successful career in Information
Technology by giving you a foundational understanding of the creation, operation, and
maintenance of networks. As a bonus, you get to dive into networking simulations using
Packet Tracer. We promise you will really enjoy it!
1 .0.2. What will I learn to do in this module?
Module Title: Networking Today
Module Objective: Explain the advances in modern network technologies.

Topic Title Topic Objective
Networks Affect our Lives Explain how networks affect our daily lives.
Network Components Explain how host and network devices are used.
Network Representations
and Topologies
Explain network representations and how they are used
in network topologies.
Common Types of
Networks
Compare the characteristics of common types of
networks.
Internet Connections Explain how LANs and WANs interconnect to the internet.
Reliable Networks Describe the four basic requirements of a reliable
network.
Network Trends
Explain how trends such as BYOD, online collaboration,
video, and cloud computing are changing the way we
interact.
Network Security Identify some basic security threats and solution for all
networks.
The IT Professional Explain employment opportunities in the networking field.
1.0.5 Packet Tracer - Logical and Physical Mode Exploration

The network model in this Packet Tracer Physical Mode (PTPM) activity incorporates many of
the technologies that you can master in Cisco Networking Academy courses. It represents a
simplified version of how a small to medium-sized business network might look.
Most of the devices in the Seward branch office and Warrenton data center are already
deployed and configured. You have just been hired to review the devices and networks
deployed. It is not important that you understand everything you see and do in this activity.
Feel free to explore the network on your own. If you wish to proceed more systematically,
follow the steps below. Answer the questions to the best of your ability.
1.0.5 Packet Tracer - Logical and Physical Mode Exploration
1.1. Networks Affect our Lives
1.1.1. Networks Connect Us
Among all of the essentials for human existence, the need to interact with others ranks just
below our need to sustain life. Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on
air, water, food, and shelter.
In today's world, through the use of networks, we are connected like never before. People
with ideas can communicate instantly with others to make those ideas a reality. News events
and discoveries are known worldwide in seconds. Individuals can even connect and play
games with friends separated by oceans and continents.
1.1.2. Video - The Cisco Networking Academy Learning Experience
World changers aren't born. They are made. Since 1997 Cisco Networking Academy has
been working towards a single goal: the educating and skill building of the next generation of
talent required for the digital economy.
Click Play to how Cisco Networking Academy to learn how we use technology to make the
world a better place.
1.1.3. No Boundaries
Advancements in networking technologies are perhaps the most significant changes in the
world today. They are helping to create a world in which national borders, geographic
distances, and physical limitations become less relevant, presenting ever-diminishing
obstacles.
The internet has changed the manner in which our social, commercial, political, and personal
interactions occur. The immediate nature of communications over the internet encourages the
creation of global communities. Global communities allow for social interaction that is
independent of location or time zone.
The creation of online communities for the exchange of ideas and information has the
potential to increase productivity opportunities across the globe.
The creation of the cloud lets us store documents and pictures and access them anywhere,
anytime. So whether we are on a train, in a park, or standing on top of a mountain, we can
seamlessly access our data and applications on any device.

1.2. Network Components
1.2.1. Host Roles
If you want to be a part of a global online community, your computer, tablet, or smart phone
must first be connected to a network. That network must be connected to the internet. This
topic discusses the parts of a network. See if you recognize these components in your own
home or school network!
All computers that are connected to a network and participate directly in network
communication are classified as hosts. Hosts can be called end devices. Some hosts are also
called clients. However, the term hosts specifically refers to devices on the network that are
assigned a number for communication purposes. This number identifies the host within a
particular network. This number is called the Internet Protocol (IP) address. An IP address
identifies the host and the network to which the host is attached.
Servers are computers with software that allow them to provide information, like email or web
pages, to other end devices on the network. Each service requires separate server software.
For example, a server requires web server software in order to provide web services to the
network. A computer with server software can provide services simultaneously to many
different clients.
As mentioned before, clients are a type of host. Clients have software for requesting and
displaying the information obtained from the server, as shown in the figure.
Client Server
IAn example of client software is a web browser, like Chrome or FireFox. A single computer
can also run multiple types of client software. For example, a user can check email and view
a web page while instant messaging and listening to an audio stream. The table lists three
common types of server software.

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Type Description
Emai
I
The email server runs email server software. Clients use mail client software,
such as Microsoft Outlook, to access email on the server.
Web The web server runs web server software. Clients use browser software, such
as Windows Internet Explorer, to access web pages on the server.
File
The file server stores corporate and user files in a central location. The client
devices access these files with client software such as the Windows File
Explorer.
1.2.2. Peer-to-Peer
Client and server software usually run on separate computers, but it is also possible for one
computer to be used for both roles at the same time. In small businesses and homes, many
computers function as the servers and clients on the network. This type of network is called a
peer-to-peer network.

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I have a printer to
share
I have files to
share
Print Sharing Fi e Sharing
The advantages of peer-to-peer networking:
• Easy to set up
• Less complex
• Lower cost because network devices and dedicated servers may not be required
• Can be used for simple tasks such as transferring files and sharing printers
The disadvantages of peer-to-peer networking:
• No centralized administration
• Not as secure
• Not scalable
• All devices may act as both clients and servers which can slow their performance
1.2.3. End Devices
The network devices that people are most familiar with are end devices. To distinguish one
end device from another, each end device on a network has an address. When an end device
initiates communication, it uses the address of the destination end device to specify where to
deliver the message.

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An end device is either the source or destination of a message transmitted over the network.
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1.2.4. Intermediary Devices
Intermediary devices connect the individual end devices to the network. They can connect
multiple individual networks to form an internetwork. These intermediary devices provide
connectivity and ensure that data flows across the network
Intermediary devices use the destination end device address, in conjunction with information
about the network interconnections, to determine the path that messages should take through
the network. Examples of the more common intermediary devices and a list of functions are
shown in the figure.

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Wireless Router LAN Switch
i m o r m c d i x v
Devices
9H W M l ApplianceMult. *v*r Switch
Intermediary network devices perform some or all of these functions:
• Regenerate and retransmit communication signals
• Maintain information about what pathways exist through the network and
internetwork
• Notify other devices of errors and communication failures
• Direct data along alternate pathways when there is a link failure
• Classify and direct messages according to priorities
• Permit or deny the flow of data, based on security settings
Note: Not shown is a legacy Ethernet hub. An Ethernet hub is also known as a multiport
repeater. Repeaters regenerate and retransmit communication signals. Notice that all
intermediary devices perform the function of a repeater.

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1.2.5. Network Media
Communication transmits across a network on media. The media provides the channel over
which the message travels from source to destination.
Modem networks primarily use three types of media to interconnect devices, as shown in the
figure:
• Metal wires within cables - Data is encoded into electrical impuises.
• Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable) - Data is encoded into
pulses of light.
• Wireless transmission - Data is encoded via modulation of specific frequencies
of electromagnetic waves.
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Criteria to consider when choosing network media:
• What is the maximum distance that the media can successfully carry a signal?
• What is the environment in which the media will be installed?
• What is the amount of data and at what speed must it be transmitted?
• What is the cost of the media and installation?
Different types of network media have different features and benefits. Not all network media
have the same characteristics, nor are they all appropriate for the same purpose.
1.3. Network Representations and Topologies
1.3.1. Network Representations
Network architects and administrators must be able to show what their networks will look like.
They need to be able to easily see which components connect to other components, where
they will be located, and how they will be connected. Diagrams of networks often use
symbols, like those shown in the figure, to represent the different devices and connections
that make up a network.

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Network Media
A diagram provides an easy way to understand how devices connect in a large network. This
type of "picture’1 of a network is known as a topology diagram. The ability to recognize the
logical representations of the physical networking components is critical to being able to
visualize the organization and operation of a network.
In addition to these representations, specialized terminology is used to describe how each of
these devices and media connect to each other:
• Network Interface Card (NIC) - A NIC physically connects the end device to the
network.
• Physical Port - A connector or outlet on a networking device where the media
connects to an end device or another networking device.
• Interface - Specialized ports on a networking device that connect to individual
networks. Because routers connect networks, the ports on a router are referred to
as network interfaces.

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Note: Often, the terms port and interface are used interchangeably.
1.3.2. Topology Diagrams
Topology diagrams are mandatory documentation for anyone working with a network. They
provide a visual map of how the network is connected. There are two types of topology
diagrams, physical and logical.
Physical Topology Diagrams
Physical topology diagrams illustrate the physical location of intermediary devices and cable
installation, as shown in the figure. You can see that the rooms in which these devices are
located are labeled in this physical topology.
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Logical Topology Diagrams
Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices, ports, and the addressing scheme of the
network, as shown in the figure. You can see which end devices are connected to which
intermediary devices and what media is being used.

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1.4.1. Networks of Many Sizes
Now that you are familiar with the components that make up networks and their
representations in physical and logical topologies, you are ready to learn about the many
different types of networks.
Networks come in all sizes. They range from simple networks consisting of two computers, to
networks connecting millions of devices.
Simple home networks let you share resources, such as printers, documents, pictures, and
music, among a few local end devices.
Small office and home office (SOHO) networks allow people to work from home, or a remote
office. Many self-employed workers use these types of networks to advertise and sell
products, order supplies, and communicate with customers.
Businesses and large organizations use networks to provide consolidation, storage, and
access to information on network servers. Networks provide email, instant messaging, and
collaboration among employees. Many organizations use their network's connection to the
internet to provide products and services to customers.
The internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the term internet means a ''network of
networks'1. It is a collection of interconnected private and public networks.
In small businesses and homes, many computers function as both the servers and clients on
the network. This type of network is called a peer-to-peer network.
Small Home Networks
Small home networks connect a few computers to each other and to the internet.

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