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Covalent Bonds (Gizmo)

Students learn about covalent bonds where atoms share electrons to complete their outer shells, using examples like exchanging markers to understand electron sharing for stability.

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Name: SohaDale: FEB/15/24Student Exploration: Covalent BondsVocabulary:covalent bonddiatomic moleculeLewis diagram, moleculenoble gasses,nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence, valence electronPriorKnowledge Questions(Do theseBEFOREusing the Gizmo.)1.There are eight markers in a lull set. but Flora andFrankeach only have seven markers.Flora is missing the red markerandFrankis missingtheblue marker. What can they do sothat each has a full set of markers?a.flora can give frank her blue marker and frank can give florahis red marker2.Otto and Olivia each have six markers. Otto is missing the purple and green markers, andOlivia is missing the black and brown markers. What can they do so that each has a full set?a.oliva can give both his purple and green marker to otto, whileotto can give her brown and black marker to olivaGizmo Warm-upJust like the students described above,nonmetalatomscan share electrons. As you will see in the Covafenf BondsGizmo, atoms form bonds in this way.To begin, check that Fluorine is selected from the Select asubstance menu. Click Play (* ) Io see the electronsorbiting the nucleus of each atom.1.The outermost electrons in each atom are calledvalenceelectrons. How many valenceelectrons does each fluorine atom have?a.7.2.Click Pause ( " ). Drag a valence electron fromtheleftatomIo the right atom. ClickPlay.What happens?a.The electron shells spin clockwise in a synchronous motion3.Click Pause, drag a valence electron from the right atom to the left, and then click Play.a.What happens now?i.The motion remains the same, except now there is another oval-like shelloverlapping both of the atoms, the valence atom spirals on thecircumference of the oval.

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Activity A:Sharing electronsGet Ihe Gizmo ready:•ClickReset.•Select Hydrogen.0Introduction: The eleclrons that orbit Ihe nucleus of an alom are arranged into shells. The firstshell contains up to two electrons and the second contains up Io eight electrons. Most elementsare stable when they have eight valence eleclrons—a rule of thumb known as Ihe octetrule.(Elements with less than five eleclrons are stable with two valence electrons.)Question: What happens when atoms share electrons?1.Predict: Each hydrogen alom has one valence electron, but it needs two electrons to bestable. How can both hydrogen atoms each achieve a stable configuration?•They both would have to share one altogether2.Form a bond: Drag Ihe electrons so that they move aroundbothhydrogen atoms. ClickPlayto observe theminorbil. and then click CheckYouhave created a covalentbond.Congratulations, you have completed amoleculeof hydrogen! Because Ihe molecule hastwoatoms, it isa diatomic moleculeClick Ihecamera ( Oi icon Io take a snapshot ofyour completed molecule. Right-click Ihe image, and click Copy Image. PasteIheimageinloa blank document and label the image 'TVHydrugun

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3.Draw a diagram: Covalent bonds are shown inLewis diagrams.In a Lewis diagram, dotsrepresent unshared valence electrons and dashes represent pairs of shared electrons.Turn onShow Lewis diagram.Whalisthe Lewis diagram for hydrogen H2?H-H4.Form a bond: Selecl Fluorine and turn on Highlight shared electrons Creale a moleculeof fluorine, F2. Take a snapshot of this molecule and add il to your document (Be sure tolabel each molecule you add.)Whal is the Lewis diagram for fluorine.F2?Fluorine5.Think and discuss: How is lhe formation of covalent bonds similar to kids sharing markers?Howisildifferent?Ifpossible discuss your answer with your classmates and teacher.•similarities: both involve an exchange of some sorts, the goal is to insure lhateach atom (or person) has an equal share for stability•difference: covalent bonds are permanent, and specific when il comes to formbonds, whereas marker sharing can be temporary and more flexible.
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Chemistry

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