Criminal Investigation 9th Edition Test Bank
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1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
2. When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
3. In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
4. After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
5. Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
6. Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
7. A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on the
street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals arranged
by criminal specialty and physical height.
8. What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
2. When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
3. In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
4. After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
5. Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
6. Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
7. A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on the
street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals arranged
by criminal specialty and physical height.
8. What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
2. When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
3. In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
4. After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
5. Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
6. Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
7. A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on the
street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals arranged
by criminal specialty and physical height.
8. What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
2. When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
3. In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
4. After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
5. Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
6. Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
7. A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on the
street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals arranged
by criminal specialty and physical height.
8. What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
9. What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
10. Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
11. The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
12. During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights
of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
13. The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
14. What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements yields a
characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
15. The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
16. The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
17. Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
10. Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
11. The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
12. During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights
of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
13. The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
14. What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements yields a
characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
15. The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
16. The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
17. Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
9. What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
10. Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
11. The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
12. During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights
of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
13. The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
14. What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements yields a
characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
15. The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
16. The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
17. Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
10. Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
11. The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
12. During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights
of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
13. The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
14. What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements yields a
characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
15. The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
16. The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
17. Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
18. In 1985, research by ______________ and his colleagues at Leicester University, England led to
the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique to individuals, as are
fingerprints.
A. Watson
B. Ashworth
C. Crick
D. Jeffreys
19. What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?
A. It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B. The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C. The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D. Both B and C.
20. The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________
A. excluded evidence due to improper police training.
B. was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.
C. established the scientific basis for dactylography.
D. confirmed Gravelle's Principal.
21. _______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science
and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
22. Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered from the body of a
victim?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Henry Goddard.
23. The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation to them by the
police has
A. slowed police professionalization.
B. hastened police professionalization.
C. had no effect on the police.
D. handcuffed the police.
24. Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personal identification of
criminals in wide use?
A. Anthropometry.
B. Dactylography.
C. Ectomorphism.
D. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
25. In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography, Finger Prints?
A. Sir Francis Galton.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
26. Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and
mathematics, to study physical evidence related to crime.
True False
the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique to individuals, as are
fingerprints.
A. Watson
B. Ashworth
C. Crick
D. Jeffreys
19. What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?
A. It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B. The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C. The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D. Both B and C.
20. The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________
A. excluded evidence due to improper police training.
B. was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.
C. established the scientific basis for dactylography.
D. confirmed Gravelle's Principal.
21. _______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science
and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
22. Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered from the body of a
victim?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Henry Goddard.
23. The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation to them by the
police has
A. slowed police professionalization.
B. hastened police professionalization.
C. had no effect on the police.
D. handcuffed the police.
24. Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personal identification of
criminals in wide use?
A. Anthropometry.
B. Dactylography.
C. Ectomorphism.
D. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
25. In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography, Finger Prints?
A. Sir Francis Galton.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
26. Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and
mathematics, to study physical evidence related to crime.
True False
Loading page 4...
27. The Metropolitan Police act was enacted in 1829, the first time it was introduced in England's
Parliament.
True False
28. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever
Vigilant."
True False
29. After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue was responsible for its
enforcement.
True False
30. When Prohibition was repealed by the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933, many former
bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping. It then became the FBI's role to deal with the
criminals.
True False
31. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the Drug Enforcement
Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.
True False
32. Bertillon produced the portrait parle' or "speaking picture," which combines full-face and profile
photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and other descriptive data onto a
single card.
True False
33. Without exception, every person has distinctive DNA. In every cell of the same human that contains
DNA, this blueprint is identical, whether the material is blood, tissue, spermatozoa, bone marrow, tooth
pulp, or a hair root cell.
True False
34. The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.
True False
35. In 1913, Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which he noted that the
firing pin, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on cartridges, and that they vary among weapons.
True False
36. ________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829. English police
officers are still affectionately referred to as "bobbies," a play on his first name.
________________________________________
37. Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.
________________________________________
38. The major private detective agency of the 19th century was formed by _______.
________________________________________
39. To supplement the rogues' gallery, Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every
morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were
expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.
________________________________________
40. In 1967, the ________ was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted persons and property
stolen from all 50 states.
________________________________________
41. The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable and improper
police procedures and tactics.
________________________________________
Parliament.
True False
28. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever
Vigilant."
True False
29. After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue was responsible for its
enforcement.
True False
30. When Prohibition was repealed by the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933, many former
bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping. It then became the FBI's role to deal with the
criminals.
True False
31. The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the Drug Enforcement
Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.
True False
32. Bertillon produced the portrait parle' or "speaking picture," which combines full-face and profile
photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and other descriptive data onto a
single card.
True False
33. Without exception, every person has distinctive DNA. In every cell of the same human that contains
DNA, this blueprint is identical, whether the material is blood, tissue, spermatozoa, bone marrow, tooth
pulp, or a hair root cell.
True False
34. The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.
True False
35. In 1913, Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which he noted that the
firing pin, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on cartridges, and that they vary among weapons.
True False
36. ________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829. English police
officers are still affectionately referred to as "bobbies," a play on his first name.
________________________________________
37. Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.
________________________________________
38. The major private detective agency of the 19th century was formed by _______.
________________________________________
39. To supplement the rogues' gallery, Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every
morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were
expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.
________________________________________
40. In 1967, the ________ was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted persons and property
stolen from all 50 states.
________________________________________
41. The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable and improper
police procedures and tactics.
________________________________________
Loading page 5...
42. All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard's _______, which asserts that when
perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves and take away
something from the scene.
________________________________________
43. The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York City Detective
________ in 1904.
________________________________________
44. The ________ Cases involved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area for DNA typing in
an attempt to identify a rape suspect.
________________________________________
45. ________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America's first full
forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.
________________________________________
46. Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?
47. Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?
48. Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?
49. What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J. Edgar Hoover?
perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves and take away
something from the scene.
________________________________________
43. The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York City Detective
________ in 1904.
________________________________________
44. The ________ Cases involved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area for DNA typing in
an attempt to identify a rape suspect.
________________________________________
45. ________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America's first full
forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.
________________________________________
46. Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?
47. Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?
48. Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?
49. What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J. Edgar Hoover?
Loading page 6...
50. What did the "due process revolution" and subsequent Supreme Court decisions change with respect to
the police?
51. What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?
52. Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?
53. What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?
54. Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix, Arizona?
55. What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?
the police?
51. What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?
52. Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?
53. What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?
54. Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix, Arizona?
55. What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?
Loading page 7...
1 Key
1.
(p. 3)
The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #1
2.
(p. 3)
When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #2
3.
(p. 3-4)
In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
Swanson - Chapter 01 #3
4.
(p. 4)
After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #4
5.
(p. 4)
Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
Swanson - Chapter 01 #5
6.
(p. 4)
Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #6
7.
(p. 6)
A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on
the street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals
arranged by criminal specialty and physical height.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #7
1.
(p. 3)
The first modern detective force was
A. the Bow Street Runners.
B. established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C. created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D. headed by attorney Howard Vincent.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #1
2.
(p. 3)
When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829, the British public was at first
suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because
A. King Edward II had supported its creation.
B. Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C. social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D. French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #2
3.
(p. 3-4)
In 1833, _______ an ordinance creating America's first paid, daylight police force?
A. Philadelphia
B. Chicago
C. New York City
D. Baltimore
Swanson - Chapter 01 #3
4.
(p. 4)
After the Civil War, Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of
___________?
A. Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B. Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C. Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D. Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #4
5.
(p. 4)
Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?
A. New Orleans, LA.
B. New York, NY.
C. Baltimore, MD.
D. Philadelphia, PA
Swanson - Chapter 01 #5
6.
(p. 4)
Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in
American the 1800's?
A. Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B. Police jurisdictions were limited.
C. There was little information sharing among police departments.
D. All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #6
7.
(p. 6)
A rogues' gallery is
A. only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B. photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C. a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on
the street.
D
.
only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals
arranged by criminal specialty and physical height.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #7
Loading page 8...
8.
(p. 6)
What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #8
9.
(p. 6)
What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #9
10.
(p. 611.)
Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #10
11.
(p. 8)
The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Swanson - Chapter 01 #11
12.
(p. 8-9)
During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the
rights of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #12
13.
(p. 9)
The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #13
14.
(p. 9)
What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements
yields a characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #14
15.
(p. 9)
The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #15
(p. 6)
What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?
A. Combat counterfeiting.
B. Provide protection for Presidents.
C. Prevent drug importation into this country.
D. All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #8
9.
(p. 6)
What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?
A. Chicago, Ill.
B. Atlanta, GA.
C. Philadelphia, PA.
D. New Orleans, LA.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #9
10.
(p. 611.)
Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?
A. New York State Police.
B. Georgia State Police.
C. Pennsylvania State Police.
D. Pinkerton International Detective Agency.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #10
11.
(p. 8)
The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime. The agency currently
charged with enforcing its provisions is ________________.
A. Federal Bureau of Investigations
B. Narcotics Bureau
C. Drug Enforcement Agency
D. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Swanson - Chapter 01 #11
12.
(p. 8-9)
During 1961-1966, the U.S. Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the
rights of criminal suspects and defendants. This is referred to as the ____________
A. radical court era.
B. conservative court era.
C. due process revolution.
D. ex-post facto period.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #12
13.
(p. 9)
The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was
written in 1893 by Hans Gross. Translated into English in 1906, it remains highly respected today as a
seminal work in the field. What is the book's title?
A. Criminal Investigation.
B. The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C. Science and Criminal Conduct.
D. Forensic Science and Crime.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #13
14.
(p. 9)
What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body, and that the sum of these measurements
yields a characteristic formula for each individual?
A. Dactylography.
B. Ectomorphism.
C. Anthropometry.
D. Meso-morphism.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #14
15.
(p. 9)
The father of criminal identification is:
A. Hans Gross.
B. Alfonse Bertillon.
C. Edward Henry.
D. William Herschel.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #15
Loading page 9...
16.
(p. 11)
The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #16
17.
(p. 11-12)
Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #17
18.
(p. 12)
In 1985, research by ______________ and his colleagues at Leicester University, England led to
the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique to individuals, as are
fingerprints.
A. Watson
B. Ashworth
C. Crick
D. Jeffreys
Swanson - Chapter 01 #18
19.
(p. 13)
What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?
A. It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B. The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C. The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D. Both B and C.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #19
20.
(p. 14)
The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________
A. excluded evidence due to improper police training.
B. was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.
C. established the scientific basis for dactylography.
D. confirmed Gravelle's Principal.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #20
21.
(p. 14)
_______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a
science and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #21
22.
(p. 14)
Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered from the body
of a victim?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Henry Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #22
23.
(p. 9)
The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation to them by
the police has
A. slowed police professionalization.
B. hastened police professionalization.
C. had no effect on the police.
D. handcuffed the police.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #23
(p. 11)
The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:
A. Germany.
B. France.
C. China.
D. England.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #16
17.
(p. 11-12)
Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?
A. Lindberg kidnapping.
B. "James Jones."
C. West.
D. Faurot.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #17
18.
(p. 12)
In 1985, research by ______________ and his colleagues at Leicester University, England led to
the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique to individuals, as are
fingerprints.
A. Watson
B. Ashworth
C. Crick
D. Jeffreys
Swanson - Chapter 01 #18
19.
(p. 13)
What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?
A. It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B. The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C. The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D. Both B and C.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #19
20.
(p. 14)
The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________
A. excluded evidence due to improper police training.
B. was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.
C. established the scientific basis for dactylography.
D. confirmed Gravelle's Principal.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #20
21.
(p. 14)
_______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a
science and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #21
22.
(p. 14)
Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered from the body
of a victim?
A. Paul Jeserich.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Henry Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #22
23.
(p. 9)
The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation to them by
the police has
A. slowed police professionalization.
B. hastened police professionalization.
C. had no effect on the police.
D. handcuffed the police.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #23
Loading page 10...
24.
(p. 9)
Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personal identification of
criminals in wide use?
A. Anthropometry.
B. Dactylography.
C. Ectomorphism.
D. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #24
25.
(p. 11)
In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography, Finger Prints?
A. Sir Francis Galton.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #25
26.
(p. 9)
Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and
mathematics, to study physical evidence related to crime.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #26
27.
(p. 3)
The Metropolitan Police act was enacted in 1829, the first time it was introduced in England's
Parliament.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #27
28.
(p. 4)
Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever
Vigilant."
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #28
29.
(p. 7)
After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue was responsible for
its enforcement.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #29
30.
(p. 7)
When Prohibition was repealed by the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933, many former
bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping. It then became the FBI's role to deal with the
criminals.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #30
31.
(p. 8)
The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the Drug
Enforcement Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #31
32.
(p. 10)
Bertillon produced the portrait parle' or "speaking picture," which combines full-face and profile
photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and other descriptive data onto
a single card.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #32
33.
(p. 13)
Without exception, every person has distinctive DNA. In every cell of the same human that contains
DNA, this blueprint is identical, whether the material is blood, tissue, spermatozoa, bone marrow,
tooth pulp, or a hair root cell.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #33
34.
(p. 13)
The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #34
(p. 9)
Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personal identification of
criminals in wide use?
A. Anthropometry.
B. Dactylography.
C. Ectomorphism.
D. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #24
25.
(p. 11)
In 1892, who published the first definitive book on dactylography, Finger Prints?
A. Sir Francis Galton.
B. Henri Lacassagne.
C. Henry Balthazard.
D. Calvin Goddard.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #25
26.
(p. 9)
Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and
mathematics, to study physical evidence related to crime.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #26
27.
(p. 3)
The Metropolitan Police act was enacted in 1829, the first time it was introduced in England's
Parliament.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #27
28.
(p. 4)
Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever
Vigilant."
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #28
29.
(p. 7)
After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue was responsible for
its enforcement.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #29
30.
(p. 7)
When Prohibition was repealed by the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1933, many former
bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping. It then became the FBI's role to deal with the
criminals.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #30
31.
(p. 8)
The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the Drug
Enforcement Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #31
32.
(p. 10)
Bertillon produced the portrait parle' or "speaking picture," which combines full-face and profile
photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and other descriptive data onto
a single card.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #32
33.
(p. 13)
Without exception, every person has distinctive DNA. In every cell of the same human that contains
DNA, this blueprint is identical, whether the material is blood, tissue, spermatozoa, bone marrow,
tooth pulp, or a hair root cell.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #33
34.
(p. 13)
The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #34
Loading page 11...
35.
(p. 14)
In 1913, Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which he noted that the
firing pin, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on cartridges, and that they vary among weapons.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #35
36.
(p. 3)
________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829. English police
officers are still affectionately referred to as "bobbies," a play on his first name.
Sir Robert Peel's
Swanson - Chapter 01 #36
37.
(p. 3-4)
Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.
Philadelphia
Swanson - Chapter 01 #37
38.
(p. 4)
The major private detective agency of the 19th century was formed by _______.
Alan Pinkerton
Swanson - Chapter 01 #38
39.
(p. 6)
To supplement the rogues' gallery, Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every
morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were
expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.
Mulberry Street Morning Parade
Swanson - Chapter 01 #39
40.
(p. 8)
In 1967, the ________ was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted persons and
property stolen from all 50 states.
National Crime Information center (NCIC)
Swanson - Chapter 01 #40
41.
(p. 8-9)
The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable and
improper police procedures and tactics.
due process
Swanson - Chapter 01 #41
42.
(p. 9)
All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard's _______, which asserts that when
perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves and take away
something from the scene.
exchange principle
Swanson - Chapter 01 #42
43.
(p. 11)
The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York City Detective
________ in 1904.
Joseph Faurot
Swanson - Chapter 01 #43
44.
(p. 13)
The ________ Cases involved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area for DNA typing
in an attempt to identify a rape suspect.
Enderby
Swanson - Chapter 01 #44
45.
(p. 15)
________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America's first full
forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.
August Vollmer
Swanson - Chapter 01 #45
46.
(p. 3)
Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?
The Bow Street Runners were a small group of volunteer, non-uniformed homeowners established in
1750 by Henry Fielding to "take thieves." In "taking thieves" they would hurry to the scene of a crime
and begin an investigation, thus becoming the first modern detective force.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #46
(p. 14)
In 1913, Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which he noted that the
firing pin, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on cartridges, and that they vary among weapons.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 01 #35
36.
(p. 3)
________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829. English police
officers are still affectionately referred to as "bobbies," a play on his first name.
Sir Robert Peel's
Swanson - Chapter 01 #36
37.
(p. 3-4)
Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.
Philadelphia
Swanson - Chapter 01 #37
38.
(p. 4)
The major private detective agency of the 19th century was formed by _______.
Alan Pinkerton
Swanson - Chapter 01 #38
39.
(p. 6)
To supplement the rogues' gallery, Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every
morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were
expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.
Mulberry Street Morning Parade
Swanson - Chapter 01 #39
40.
(p. 8)
In 1967, the ________ was made operational by the FBI, providing data on wanted persons and
property stolen from all 50 states.
National Crime Information center (NCIC)
Swanson - Chapter 01 #40
41.
(p. 8-9)
The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable and
improper police procedures and tactics.
due process
Swanson - Chapter 01 #41
42.
(p. 9)
All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard's _______, which asserts that when
perpetrators come into contact with the scene, they will leave something of themselves and take away
something from the scene.
exchange principle
Swanson - Chapter 01 #42
43.
(p. 11)
The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York City Detective
________ in 1904.
Joseph Faurot
Swanson - Chapter 01 #43
44.
(p. 13)
The ________ Cases involved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area for DNA typing
in an attempt to identify a rape suspect.
Enderby
Swanson - Chapter 01 #44
45.
(p. 15)
________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America's first full
forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.
August Vollmer
Swanson - Chapter 01 #45
46.
(p. 3)
Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?
The Bow Street Runners were a small group of volunteer, non-uniformed homeowners established in
1750 by Henry Fielding to "take thieves." In "taking thieves" they would hurry to the scene of a crime
and begin an investigation, thus becoming the first modern detective force.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #46
Loading page 12...
47.
(p. 3)
Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan Police Act of
1829?
French citizens had been repressed under centralized policing. In England there was fear that the use
of "police spies" (detectives in plain clothes) would reduce civil liberties. In 1833 a Sergeant Popay
was dismissed from the London Metropolitan Police because he infiltrated a radical group, acquired a
leadership position, and argued for the use of violence.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #47
48.
(p. 4)
Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?
First, graft and corruption were common in big city police departments. Second, municipal police
jurisdictions were limited. Third, there was little communication between police departments in
different cities. Thus, offenders could flee from one jurisdiction to another with impunity. When
individuals and businesses could not get reliable investigative services from the public sector, it
created the possibility of the private sector (such as Pinkerton's National Detective Agency) providing
such services.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #48
49.
(p. 5 & 8)
What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J. Edgar Hoover?
Both of them understood the importance of: (1) information, (2) criminal records, and (3) publicity
favorable to their efforts.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #49
50.
(p. 9)
What did the "due process revolution" and subsequent Supreme Court decisions change with respect
to the police?
Questionable and improper police procedures and tactics were greatly reduced. In turn, this created
the need to develop new procedures and tactics and to make sure that officers were well trained
in their uses. There has been an ongoing cycle of decisions and adaptation to them by the police
since the due process revolution. To no small extent, this ongoing cycle has hastened the continuing
professionalization of the police, while also asserting the principle that the action of police officers
anywhere may be subject to close scrutiny by the Supreme Court.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #50
(p. 3)
Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan Police Act of
1829?
French citizens had been repressed under centralized policing. In England there was fear that the use
of "police spies" (detectives in plain clothes) would reduce civil liberties. In 1833 a Sergeant Popay
was dismissed from the London Metropolitan Police because he infiltrated a radical group, acquired a
leadership position, and argued for the use of violence.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #47
48.
(p. 4)
Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?
First, graft and corruption were common in big city police departments. Second, municipal police
jurisdictions were limited. Third, there was little communication between police departments in
different cities. Thus, offenders could flee from one jurisdiction to another with impunity. When
individuals and businesses could not get reliable investigative services from the public sector, it
created the possibility of the private sector (such as Pinkerton's National Detective Agency) providing
such services.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #48
49.
(p. 5 & 8)
What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J. Edgar Hoover?
Both of them understood the importance of: (1) information, (2) criminal records, and (3) publicity
favorable to their efforts.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #49
50.
(p. 9)
What did the "due process revolution" and subsequent Supreme Court decisions change with respect
to the police?
Questionable and improper police procedures and tactics were greatly reduced. In turn, this created
the need to develop new procedures and tactics and to make sure that officers were well trained
in their uses. There has been an ongoing cycle of decisions and adaptation to them by the police
since the due process revolution. To no small extent, this ongoing cycle has hastened the continuing
professionalization of the police, while also asserting the principle that the action of police officers
anywhere may be subject to close scrutiny by the Supreme Court.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #50
Loading page 13...
51.
(p. 10-12)
What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?
(1) 1st century: Roman lawyer Quintilianus used a bloody fingerprint to successfully defend a child
accused of murder.
(2) 8th century: Used on contracts in China (also in 14th century Persia and 17th century England,
thought to awe people into keeping agreements, no individual identification by fingerprints possible at
the time).
(3) 1684: England's Dr. Grew called attention to systems of pores in ridges in hands and feet.
(4) 1686: Mercello Malpigni confirmed Grew's observations.
(5) 1823: Professor Perkinje named nine standard fingerprint patterns and outlined a broad method of
classifying them.
(6) 1877: Herschel wrote to the Inspector General of the Prisons of Bengal about using fingerprints
as means of personal identification. This suggestion was rejected as Inspector General thought that
Herschel's letter was the product of delirium.
(7) 1880: Faulds matched sooty fingerprint on a whitewashed wall to that of suspect.
(8) 1880: Faulds reported his finding in Nature, provoking controversy between Herschel and Faulds.
(9) 1892: Galton published Fingerprints, the first definitive book on dactylography.
(10) 1892: Inspector Alvarez, a disciple of Vucetich, got the first South American criminal conviction
based on fingerprints.
(11) 1894: Vucetich published Dictiloscopia Comparada, outlining his system of fingerprint
classification.
(12) 1900: Henry system adopted in England.
(13) 1901: Henry publishes Classification and Use of Fingerprints, outlining his system of fingerprint
classification.
(14) 1903: the Will West/William West case at the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas
demonstrated the superiority of dactylography to anthropometry.
(15) 1904: Detective Sergeant Faurot of the NYCPD becomes the first foreigner to study the Henry
system; in 1906 he obtained the theft conviction of "James Jones" by the use of fingerprints.
(16) 1917: the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to do further
work, largely because of strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprint registration.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #51
52.
(p. 12)
Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?
In 1917, the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to do further
work (due to strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprint registration). In 1925,
Vucetich died a disappointed man. In contrast, Henry became the head of what was then the world's
most prestigious police organization and enjoyed the support of his country. These advantages,
coupled with Vucetich's loss of support in his own country, meant the Henry classification system
would become adopted virtually worldwide.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #52
53.
(p. 13)
What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?
These sources are: (1) blood, (2) tissue, (3) spermatozoa, (4) bone marrow, (5) tooth pulp, (6) saliva
and (7) hair root cells.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #53
54.
(p. 14)
Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix, Arizona?
It is the first case in which "genetic fingerprinting" was applied to plant evidence in a criminal case.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #54
(p. 10-12)
What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?
(1) 1st century: Roman lawyer Quintilianus used a bloody fingerprint to successfully defend a child
accused of murder.
(2) 8th century: Used on contracts in China (also in 14th century Persia and 17th century England,
thought to awe people into keeping agreements, no individual identification by fingerprints possible at
the time).
(3) 1684: England's Dr. Grew called attention to systems of pores in ridges in hands and feet.
(4) 1686: Mercello Malpigni confirmed Grew's observations.
(5) 1823: Professor Perkinje named nine standard fingerprint patterns and outlined a broad method of
classifying them.
(6) 1877: Herschel wrote to the Inspector General of the Prisons of Bengal about using fingerprints
as means of personal identification. This suggestion was rejected as Inspector General thought that
Herschel's letter was the product of delirium.
(7) 1880: Faulds matched sooty fingerprint on a whitewashed wall to that of suspect.
(8) 1880: Faulds reported his finding in Nature, provoking controversy between Herschel and Faulds.
(9) 1892: Galton published Fingerprints, the first definitive book on dactylography.
(10) 1892: Inspector Alvarez, a disciple of Vucetich, got the first South American criminal conviction
based on fingerprints.
(11) 1894: Vucetich published Dictiloscopia Comparada, outlining his system of fingerprint
classification.
(12) 1900: Henry system adopted in England.
(13) 1901: Henry publishes Classification and Use of Fingerprints, outlining his system of fingerprint
classification.
(14) 1903: the Will West/William West case at the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas
demonstrated the superiority of dactylography to anthropometry.
(15) 1904: Detective Sergeant Faurot of the NYCPD becomes the first foreigner to study the Henry
system; in 1906 he obtained the theft conviction of "James Jones" by the use of fingerprints.
(16) 1917: the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to do further
work, largely because of strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprint registration.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #51
52.
(p. 12)
Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?
In 1917, the Argentine government seized all of Vucetich's records and forbade him to do further
work (due to strong protests in Buenos Aires against wide-spread fingerprint registration). In 1925,
Vucetich died a disappointed man. In contrast, Henry became the head of what was then the world's
most prestigious police organization and enjoyed the support of his country. These advantages,
coupled with Vucetich's loss of support in his own country, meant the Henry classification system
would become adopted virtually worldwide.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #52
53.
(p. 13)
What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?
These sources are: (1) blood, (2) tissue, (3) spermatozoa, (4) bone marrow, (5) tooth pulp, (6) saliva
and (7) hair root cells.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #53
54.
(p. 14)
Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix, Arizona?
It is the first case in which "genetic fingerprinting" was applied to plant evidence in a criminal case.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #54
Loading page 14...
55.
(p. 14-15)
What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?
(1) 1835, Henry Goddard (one of the last of the Bow Street Runners) made the first successful attempt
to identify a murderer from a bullet recovered from the victim's body. At the home of a suspect,
Goddard seized a bullet mold with a defect in it corresponding to a mark on the recovered bullet.
(2) 1889, Professor Lacassagne recovered a bullet from a corpse. The bullet had seven grooves on it.
Shown a number of suspect guns, Lacassagne identified the one that could have left seven grooves.
However, any number of guns manufactured at that time could have made seven grooves and there is
no way of knowing if the right person was found guilty.
(3) 1898, Paul Jeserich took microphotographs of fatal and test bullets and based on their respective
normalities and irregularities testified that the defendant's revolver fired the fatal bullet. At the
doorstep of scientific greatness, Jeserich did not pursue this discovery any further, turning his
attention to other interests.
(4) 1913, Professor Balthazard published perhaps the single most important article on firearms
identification. In it he noted that the firing pin, breechblock, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on
cartridges and that these varied among different types of weapons.
(5) 1926, Calvin Goddard became the head of a team working on firearms identification. He is
considered the person most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and for
perfecting the bullet comparison microscope.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #55
(p. 14-15)
What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?
(1) 1835, Henry Goddard (one of the last of the Bow Street Runners) made the first successful attempt
to identify a murderer from a bullet recovered from the victim's body. At the home of a suspect,
Goddard seized a bullet mold with a defect in it corresponding to a mark on the recovered bullet.
(2) 1889, Professor Lacassagne recovered a bullet from a corpse. The bullet had seven grooves on it.
Shown a number of suspect guns, Lacassagne identified the one that could have left seven grooves.
However, any number of guns manufactured at that time could have made seven grooves and there is
no way of knowing if the right person was found guilty.
(3) 1898, Paul Jeserich took microphotographs of fatal and test bullets and based on their respective
normalities and irregularities testified that the defendant's revolver fired the fatal bullet. At the
doorstep of scientific greatness, Jeserich did not pursue this discovery any further, turning his
attention to other interests.
(4) 1913, Professor Balthazard published perhaps the single most important article on firearms
identification. In it he noted that the firing pin, breechblock, extractor, and ejector all leave marks on
cartridges and that these varied among different types of weapons.
(5) 1926, Calvin Goddard became the head of a team working on firearms identification. He is
considered the person most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and for
perfecting the bullet comparison microscope.
Swanson - Chapter 01 #55
Loading page 15...
1 Summary
Category # of Questions
Swanson - Chapter 01 55
Category # of Questions
Swanson - Chapter 01 55
Loading page 16...
2
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Procedural law deals with all of the following except
A. process of arrest.
B. admissibility of evidence.
C. search and seizure.
D. elements of a crime.
2. The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fourth Amendment.
C. Fifth Amendment.
D. Tenth Amendment.
3. Which of the following protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fifth Amendment.
C. Eighth Amendment.
D. Fourth Amendment.
4. The ingredients of arrest include all of the following except
A. force.
B. intention.
C. authority.
D. custody.
5. A temporary and limited interference with the freedom of a person for investigative purposes is the
definition of a/an
A. arrest.
B. detention.
C. affidavit.
D. charging.
6. A judicial order commanding a person to whom it is issued or some other person to bring a person
promptly before a court to answer a criminal charge is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the above.
7. A written statement of the information known to the officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of a
warrant is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the preceding.
8. Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?
A. the authority under which the warrant is issued
B. the identity of the person to be arrested
C. the designation of the offense
D. the authority to search the person arrested
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Procedural law deals with all of the following except
A. process of arrest.
B. admissibility of evidence.
C. search and seizure.
D. elements of a crime.
2. The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fourth Amendment.
C. Fifth Amendment.
D. Tenth Amendment.
3. Which of the following protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fifth Amendment.
C. Eighth Amendment.
D. Fourth Amendment.
4. The ingredients of arrest include all of the following except
A. force.
B. intention.
C. authority.
D. custody.
5. A temporary and limited interference with the freedom of a person for investigative purposes is the
definition of a/an
A. arrest.
B. detention.
C. affidavit.
D. charging.
6. A judicial order commanding a person to whom it is issued or some other person to bring a person
promptly before a court to answer a criminal charge is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the above.
7. A written statement of the information known to the officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of a
warrant is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the preceding.
8. Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?
A. the authority under which the warrant is issued
B. the identity of the person to be arrested
C. the designation of the offense
D. the authority to search the person arrested
Loading page 17...
9. A John Doe warrant is valid
A. if a crime has been committed.
B. if there is a particular description of the perpetrator but the person's name is not known.
C. in all cases.
D. only at the federal level.
10. Suspicion plus facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person, exercising ordinary
caution, under the same circumstances to believe that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be
committed is a definition of
A. in-presence arrest.
B. probable cause.
C. investigative detention.
D. the requirements of an arrest warrant.
11. Which of the following can be used to establish probable cause?
A. personal observations and knowledge of the investigator.
B. suspicion.
C. crime rates.
D. occupation of the suspect.
12. Until 1914, federal law enforcement officers, conducting an illegal search that produced incriminating
evidence, were allowed to use that evidence in court. What happened that changed the use of illegal
evidence by federal officers?
A. The president of the United States signed an order prohibiting its use.
B. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, signed an executive order prohibiting the use of illegally
obtained evidence.
C. Mapp v. Ohio forbids the use of illegally evidence by federal officers.
D. Weeks v. United States forbids the use of illegally obtained evidence by federal officers.
13. Circumventing the intent of Weeks v. U.S., whereby federal officers received illegally obtained evidence
from state officers and used it in federal court was referred to as
A. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
B. unreasonable search doctrine.
C. silver platter doctrine.
D. None of the preceding.
14. Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized
could no longer be admissible in any court?
A. Weeks v. Ohio.
B. Roe v. Wade.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Gideon v. Wainwright.
15. Which of the following is not an exception to the legal requirement of having a warrant to conduct a
search and seizure?
A. with consent.
B. incident to an unlawful arrest.
C. when exigent circumstances exist.
D. to conduct an inventory.
16. What burden of proof is required to obtain a search warrant?
A. Reasonable suspicion.
B. Probable cause.
C. Preponderance of the evidence.
D. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
A. if a crime has been committed.
B. if there is a particular description of the perpetrator but the person's name is not known.
C. in all cases.
D. only at the federal level.
10. Suspicion plus facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person, exercising ordinary
caution, under the same circumstances to believe that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be
committed is a definition of
A. in-presence arrest.
B. probable cause.
C. investigative detention.
D. the requirements of an arrest warrant.
11. Which of the following can be used to establish probable cause?
A. personal observations and knowledge of the investigator.
B. suspicion.
C. crime rates.
D. occupation of the suspect.
12. Until 1914, federal law enforcement officers, conducting an illegal search that produced incriminating
evidence, were allowed to use that evidence in court. What happened that changed the use of illegal
evidence by federal officers?
A. The president of the United States signed an order prohibiting its use.
B. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, signed an executive order prohibiting the use of illegally
obtained evidence.
C. Mapp v. Ohio forbids the use of illegally evidence by federal officers.
D. Weeks v. United States forbids the use of illegally obtained evidence by federal officers.
13. Circumventing the intent of Weeks v. U.S., whereby federal officers received illegally obtained evidence
from state officers and used it in federal court was referred to as
A. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
B. unreasonable search doctrine.
C. silver platter doctrine.
D. None of the preceding.
14. Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized
could no longer be admissible in any court?
A. Weeks v. Ohio.
B. Roe v. Wade.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Gideon v. Wainwright.
15. Which of the following is not an exception to the legal requirement of having a warrant to conduct a
search and seizure?
A. with consent.
B. incident to an unlawful arrest.
C. when exigent circumstances exist.
D. to conduct an inventory.
16. What burden of proof is required to obtain a search warrant?
A. Reasonable suspicion.
B. Probable cause.
C. Preponderance of the evidence.
D. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Loading page 18...
17. Which Supreme Court case held that officers executing a search warrant of a house acted reasonably by
detaining the occupants of the house in handcuffs during the search?
A. Hudson v. Michigan.
B. Mapp v. Ohio.
C. Terry v. Ohio.
D. Muehler v. Mena.
18. Incriminating evidence is found during a consent search. What is the primary factor of the search that the
court will look at in deciding whether evidence may be admitted?
A. Was a consent to search form completed by the suspect and witnessed?
B. Was the consent to search voluntarily given?
C. Was the suspect able to observe the search when the evidence was found?
D. Was the suspect under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
19. Which Supreme Court Case established the "moveable vehicle" rule?
A. Carroll v. United States.
B. Chambers v. Maroney.
C. Maryland v. Dyson.
D. Chimel v. California.
20. What term is used to recognize that a warrantless entry by law enforcement officials may be legal when
there is a compelling need for official action and no time to get a warrant?
A. Emerging situational need.
B. Emergency situational requirement.
C. Exigent circumstances.
D. Emergency exigent circumstances.
21. Which of the following is not a requirement for a plain view search to be legal?
A. Officer is where he has a legal right to be.
B. Evidence is in plain view.
C. Evidence is inadvertently discovered.
D. Evidence is found after a limited search.
22. The landmark Supreme Court ruling that allows stop and frisk procedures is
A. Miranda v. Arizona.
B. Terry v. Ohio.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Escobedo v. Day.
23. According to the courts, any new evidence seized resulting from unreasonably seized evidence is also
tainted and is not admissible in court. This is based on the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
24. In Minnesota v. Dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?
A
.
Officer felt a substance in suspect's pocket, subsequently determined to be cocaine, during a pat down
and manipulated it to determine what it was.
B. Defendant pled guilty before trial.
C. Judge declared a mistrial.
D. The charges were dropped by the prosecutor before trial.
25. Evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot be used as the basis for learning about
or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before is the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
detaining the occupants of the house in handcuffs during the search?
A. Hudson v. Michigan.
B. Mapp v. Ohio.
C. Terry v. Ohio.
D. Muehler v. Mena.
18. Incriminating evidence is found during a consent search. What is the primary factor of the search that the
court will look at in deciding whether evidence may be admitted?
A. Was a consent to search form completed by the suspect and witnessed?
B. Was the consent to search voluntarily given?
C. Was the suspect able to observe the search when the evidence was found?
D. Was the suspect under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
19. Which Supreme Court Case established the "moveable vehicle" rule?
A. Carroll v. United States.
B. Chambers v. Maroney.
C. Maryland v. Dyson.
D. Chimel v. California.
20. What term is used to recognize that a warrantless entry by law enforcement officials may be legal when
there is a compelling need for official action and no time to get a warrant?
A. Emerging situational need.
B. Emergency situational requirement.
C. Exigent circumstances.
D. Emergency exigent circumstances.
21. Which of the following is not a requirement for a plain view search to be legal?
A. Officer is where he has a legal right to be.
B. Evidence is in plain view.
C. Evidence is inadvertently discovered.
D. Evidence is found after a limited search.
22. The landmark Supreme Court ruling that allows stop and frisk procedures is
A. Miranda v. Arizona.
B. Terry v. Ohio.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Escobedo v. Day.
23. According to the courts, any new evidence seized resulting from unreasonably seized evidence is also
tainted and is not admissible in court. This is based on the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
24. In Minnesota v. Dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?
A
.
Officer felt a substance in suspect's pocket, subsequently determined to be cocaine, during a pat down
and manipulated it to determine what it was.
B. Defendant pled guilty before trial.
C. Judge declared a mistrial.
D. The charges were dropped by the prosecutor before trial.
25. Evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot be used as the basis for learning about
or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before is the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
Loading page 19...
26. Procedural law deals with processes of arrest, search and seizure, interrogations, confessions,
admissibility of evidence and testifying in court and therefore changes less frequently than does
substantive law.
True False
27. Final ratification of the Constitution of the United States was delayed because some states wanted
guarantees that individual liberties would be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly formed
government. These guarantees came in the form of the first ten Amendments to the Constitution known as
the Bill of Rights.
True False
28. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms and
equal protection of the laws for all citizens, especially the former slaves.
True False
29. The Hurtado v. California case attempted the process of the "shorthand doctrine" but instead, ratified
the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine."
True False
30. Formally charging a suspect with a crime does not automatically flow from an arrest.
True False
31. The most preferred method of affecting an arrest is under the authority of a warrant.
True False
32. The two major benefits derived from securing prior judicial approval for arrests are that the approval
relieves the law enforcement officer of the burden of proving the legality of the arrest, and it provides for
automatic approval of evidence to be used during the trial for the crime the person was arrested for.
True False
33. An offense committed in the presence of an officer can be the basis of an arrest without a warrant. "In the
presence of" includes the use of any or all of the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, or smell.
True False
34. The law allows an officer to make warrantless arrests in felony cases provided reasonable grounds or
probable cause exists to make the arrest.
True False
35. A search warrant is a written order, in the name of the judge, signed by a district attorney, exercising
proper authority, and directing a law enforcement officer to search for specific property and bring it
before the court.
True False
36. The ________ must particularly describe the place to be searched. The description must be sufficient to
distinguish the location from all others.
________________________________________
37. If the affidavit and search warrant are for the search and seizure of _______, the search can be pretty
extensive. It is permissible to search closets, under beds, in dresser drawers, in medicine cabinets, and in
kitchen cupboards.
________________________________________
38. In _______, the Supreme Court ruled that violation of the knock and announce requirement for the
service of a search warrant will no longer result in the suppression of evidence found during the execution
of the search warrant.
________________________________________
admissibility of evidence and testifying in court and therefore changes less frequently than does
substantive law.
True False
27. Final ratification of the Constitution of the United States was delayed because some states wanted
guarantees that individual liberties would be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly formed
government. These guarantees came in the form of the first ten Amendments to the Constitution known as
the Bill of Rights.
True False
28. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms and
equal protection of the laws for all citizens, especially the former slaves.
True False
29. The Hurtado v. California case attempted the process of the "shorthand doctrine" but instead, ratified
the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine."
True False
30. Formally charging a suspect with a crime does not automatically flow from an arrest.
True False
31. The most preferred method of affecting an arrest is under the authority of a warrant.
True False
32. The two major benefits derived from securing prior judicial approval for arrests are that the approval
relieves the law enforcement officer of the burden of proving the legality of the arrest, and it provides for
automatic approval of evidence to be used during the trial for the crime the person was arrested for.
True False
33. An offense committed in the presence of an officer can be the basis of an arrest without a warrant. "In the
presence of" includes the use of any or all of the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, or smell.
True False
34. The law allows an officer to make warrantless arrests in felony cases provided reasonable grounds or
probable cause exists to make the arrest.
True False
35. A search warrant is a written order, in the name of the judge, signed by a district attorney, exercising
proper authority, and directing a law enforcement officer to search for specific property and bring it
before the court.
True False
36. The ________ must particularly describe the place to be searched. The description must be sufficient to
distinguish the location from all others.
________________________________________
37. If the affidavit and search warrant are for the search and seizure of _______, the search can be pretty
extensive. It is permissible to search closets, under beds, in dresser drawers, in medicine cabinets, and in
kitchen cupboards.
________________________________________
38. In _______, the Supreme Court ruled that violation of the knock and announce requirement for the
service of a search warrant will no longer result in the suppression of evidence found during the execution
of the search warrant.
________________________________________
Loading page 20...
39. In 1969, the United States Supreme Court limited the scope of a search when it ruled in ________ that a
warrantless search of the defendant's entire house, following his lawful arrest in the house on a burglary
charge was unreasonable.
________________________________________
40. The Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of ________ that when a police officer makes a lawful
custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the officer may search the vehicle's passenger
compartment including any open or closed containers found in the vehicle compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
________________________________________
41. The Supreme Court held that law enforcement officers may enter a home without a warrant where there is
an objectively reasonable basis to believe that an occupant is seriously injured or imminently threatened
with serious injury. The case law is _______.
________________________________________
42. An ________ search is done for the purpose of protecting the property of the person arrested and
documenting what was found with a receipt given to the person arrested. In this manner, law enforcement
can prevent accusations of stealing an offender's money or property.
________________________________________
43. Terry v. Ohio allows for the ________ of the outer clothing of a suspect for a weapon if the officer is
concerned about his own safety.
________________________________________
44. The ________ doctrine provides that evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot
be used as the basis for learning about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before.
________________________________________
45. The Supreme Court in 2004 upheld a conviction under a Nevada statute that requires a person to
identify himself when so requested during a ________ stop. Twenty states have this identification
requirement.
________________________________________
46. Explain how the laws of arrest and search and seizure flow from the Bill of Rights.
47. Distinguish between the impacts of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments on defendants in criminal
cases.
warrantless search of the defendant's entire house, following his lawful arrest in the house on a burglary
charge was unreasonable.
________________________________________
40. The Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of ________ that when a police officer makes a lawful
custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the officer may search the vehicle's passenger
compartment including any open or closed containers found in the vehicle compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
________________________________________
41. The Supreme Court held that law enforcement officers may enter a home without a warrant where there is
an objectively reasonable basis to believe that an occupant is seriously injured or imminently threatened
with serious injury. The case law is _______.
________________________________________
42. An ________ search is done for the purpose of protecting the property of the person arrested and
documenting what was found with a receipt given to the person arrested. In this manner, law enforcement
can prevent accusations of stealing an offender's money or property.
________________________________________
43. Terry v. Ohio allows for the ________ of the outer clothing of a suspect for a weapon if the officer is
concerned about his own safety.
________________________________________
44. The ________ doctrine provides that evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot
be used as the basis for learning about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before.
________________________________________
45. The Supreme Court in 2004 upheld a conviction under a Nevada statute that requires a person to
identify himself when so requested during a ________ stop. Twenty states have this identification
requirement.
________________________________________
46. Explain how the laws of arrest and search and seizure flow from the Bill of Rights.
47. Distinguish between the impacts of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments on defendants in criminal
cases.
Loading page 21...
48. What is the Exclusionary Rule and how did it evolve?
49. What are the benefits to a police officer and the case if an arrest is made under the authority of a warrant?
50. Is a "John Doe" arrest warrant valid under any circumstances? Explain.
51. Define and describe "probable cause."
52. Describe the "Silver Platter" Doctrine. Is it still followed? Why or why not?
53. List the requirements of a valid arrest warrant.
49. What are the benefits to a police officer and the case if an arrest is made under the authority of a warrant?
50. Is a "John Doe" arrest warrant valid under any circumstances? Explain.
51. Define and describe "probable cause."
52. Describe the "Silver Platter" Doctrine. Is it still followed? Why or why not?
53. List the requirements of a valid arrest warrant.
Loading page 22...
54. What limitations have judicial cases placed on the search of a motor vehicle incident to a lawful arrest?
55. What is meant by a plain view seizure and what are the requirements for conducting such a seizure by a
law enforcement officer?
56. Explain the "fruits of the poisonous tree" doctrine.
55. What is meant by a plain view seizure and what are the requirements for conducting such a seizure by a
law enforcement officer?
56. Explain the "fruits of the poisonous tree" doctrine.
Loading page 23...
2 Key
1.
(p. 18)
Procedural law deals with all of the following except
A. process of arrest.
B. admissibility of evidence.
C. search and seizure.
D. elements of a crime.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #1
2.
(p. 19)
The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fourth Amendment.
C. Fifth Amendment.
D. Tenth Amendment.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #2
3.
(p. 20)
Which of the following protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fifth Amendment.
C. Eighth Amendment.
D. Fourth Amendment.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #3
4.
(p. 21)
The ingredients of arrest include all of the following except
A. force.
B. intention.
C. authority.
D. custody.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #4
5.
(p. 21)
A temporary and limited interference with the freedom of a person for investigative purposes is the
definition of a/an
A. arrest.
B. detention.
C. affidavit.
D. charging.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #5
6.
(p. 22-23)
A judicial order commanding a person to whom it is issued or some other person to bring a person
promptly before a court to answer a criminal charge is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the above.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #6
7.
(p. 23)
A written statement of the information known to the officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of
a warrant is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the preceding.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #7
1.
(p. 18)
Procedural law deals with all of the following except
A. process of arrest.
B. admissibility of evidence.
C. search and seizure.
D. elements of a crime.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #1
2.
(p. 19)
The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fourth Amendment.
C. Fifth Amendment.
D. Tenth Amendment.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #2
3.
(p. 20)
Which of the following protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
A. First Amendment.
B. Fifth Amendment.
C. Eighth Amendment.
D. Fourth Amendment.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #3
4.
(p. 21)
The ingredients of arrest include all of the following except
A. force.
B. intention.
C. authority.
D. custody.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #4
5.
(p. 21)
A temporary and limited interference with the freedom of a person for investigative purposes is the
definition of a/an
A. arrest.
B. detention.
C. affidavit.
D. charging.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #5
6.
(p. 22-23)
A judicial order commanding a person to whom it is issued or some other person to bring a person
promptly before a court to answer a criminal charge is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the above.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #6
7.
(p. 23)
A written statement of the information known to the officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of
a warrant is a/an
A. arrest warrant.
B. affidavit.
C. court order.
D. any of the preceding.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #7
Loading page 24...
8.
(p. 23)
Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?
A. the authority under which the warrant is issued
B. the identity of the person to be arrested
C. the designation of the offense
D. the authority to search the person arrested
Swanson - Chapter 02 #8
9.
(p. 23)
A John Doe warrant is valid
A. if a crime has been committed.
B. if there is a particular description of the perpetrator but the person's name is not known.
C. in all cases.
D. only at the federal level.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #9
10.
(p. 24)
Suspicion plus facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person, exercising ordinary
caution, under the same circumstances to believe that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be
committed is a definition of
A. in-presence arrest.
B. probable cause.
C. investigative detention.
D. the requirements of an arrest warrant.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #10
11.
(p. 24-25)
Which of the following can be used to establish probable cause?
A. personal observations and knowledge of the investigator.
B. suspicion.
C. crime rates.
D. occupation of the suspect.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #11
12.
(p. 25)
Until 1914, federal law enforcement officers, conducting an illegal search that produced incriminating
evidence, were allowed to use that evidence in court. What happened that changed the use of illegal
evidence by federal officers?
A. The president of the United States signed an order prohibiting its use.
B. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, signed an executive order prohibiting the use of illegally
obtained evidence.
C. Mapp v. Ohio forbids the use of illegally evidence by federal officers.
D. Weeks v. United States forbids the use of illegally obtained evidence by federal officers.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #12
13.
(p. 25)
Circumventing the intent of Weeks v. U.S., whereby federal officers received illegally obtained
evidence from state officers and used it in federal court was referred to as
A. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
B. unreasonable search doctrine.
C. silver platter doctrine.
D. None of the preceding.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #13
14.
(p. 26)
Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized
could no longer be admissible in any court?
A. Weeks v. Ohio.
B. Roe v. Wade.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Gideon v. Wainwright.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #14
(p. 23)
Which of the following is not usually required to be in the contents of a valid arrest warrant?
A. the authority under which the warrant is issued
B. the identity of the person to be arrested
C. the designation of the offense
D. the authority to search the person arrested
Swanson - Chapter 02 #8
9.
(p. 23)
A John Doe warrant is valid
A. if a crime has been committed.
B. if there is a particular description of the perpetrator but the person's name is not known.
C. in all cases.
D. only at the federal level.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #9
10.
(p. 24)
Suspicion plus facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonable person, exercising ordinary
caution, under the same circumstances to believe that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be
committed is a definition of
A. in-presence arrest.
B. probable cause.
C. investigative detention.
D. the requirements of an arrest warrant.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #10
11.
(p. 24-25)
Which of the following can be used to establish probable cause?
A. personal observations and knowledge of the investigator.
B. suspicion.
C. crime rates.
D. occupation of the suspect.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #11
12.
(p. 25)
Until 1914, federal law enforcement officers, conducting an illegal search that produced incriminating
evidence, were allowed to use that evidence in court. What happened that changed the use of illegal
evidence by federal officers?
A. The president of the United States signed an order prohibiting its use.
B. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, signed an executive order prohibiting the use of illegally
obtained evidence.
C. Mapp v. Ohio forbids the use of illegally evidence by federal officers.
D. Weeks v. United States forbids the use of illegally obtained evidence by federal officers.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #12
13.
(p. 25)
Circumventing the intent of Weeks v. U.S., whereby federal officers received illegally obtained
evidence from state officers and used it in federal court was referred to as
A. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
B. unreasonable search doctrine.
C. silver platter doctrine.
D. None of the preceding.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #13
14.
(p. 26)
Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized
could no longer be admissible in any court?
A. Weeks v. Ohio.
B. Roe v. Wade.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Gideon v. Wainwright.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #14
Loading page 25...
15.
(p. 26)
Which of the following is not an exception to the legal requirement of having a warrant to conduct a
search and seizure?
A. with consent.
B. incident to an unlawful arrest.
C. when exigent circumstances exist.
D. to conduct an inventory.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #15
16.
(p. 26)
What burden of proof is required to obtain a search warrant?
A. Reasonable suspicion.
B. Probable cause.
C. Preponderance of the evidence.
D. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #16
17.
(p. 28)
Which Supreme Court case held that officers executing a search warrant of a house acted reasonably
by detaining the occupants of the house in handcuffs during the search?
A. Hudson v. Michigan.
B. Mapp v. Ohio.
C. Terry v. Ohio.
D. Muehler v. Mena.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #17
18.
(p. 28)
Incriminating evidence is found during a consent search. What is the primary factor of the search that
the court will look at in deciding whether evidence may be admitted?
A. Was a consent to search form completed by the suspect and witnessed?
B. Was the consent to search voluntarily given?
C. Was the suspect able to observe the search when the evidence was found?
D. Was the suspect under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
Swanson - Chapter 02 #18
19.
(p. 30)
Which Supreme Court Case established the "moveable vehicle" rule?
A. Carroll v. United States.
B. Chambers v. Maroney.
C. Maryland v. Dyson.
D. Chimel v. California.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #19
20.
(p. 31)
What term is used to recognize that a warrantless entry by law enforcement officials may be legal
when there is a compelling need for official action and no time to get a warrant?
A. Emerging situational need.
B. Emergency situational requirement.
C. Exigent circumstances.
D. Emergency exigent circumstances.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #20
21.
(p. 32)
Which of the following is not a requirement for a plain view search to be legal?
A. Officer is where he has a legal right to be.
B. Evidence is in plain view.
C. Evidence is inadvertently discovered.
D. Evidence is found after a limited search.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #21
22.
(p. 33-34)
The landmark Supreme Court ruling that allows stop and frisk procedures is
A. Miranda v. Arizona.
B. Terry v. Ohio.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Escobedo v. Day.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #22
(p. 26)
Which of the following is not an exception to the legal requirement of having a warrant to conduct a
search and seizure?
A. with consent.
B. incident to an unlawful arrest.
C. when exigent circumstances exist.
D. to conduct an inventory.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #15
16.
(p. 26)
What burden of proof is required to obtain a search warrant?
A. Reasonable suspicion.
B. Probable cause.
C. Preponderance of the evidence.
D. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #16
17.
(p. 28)
Which Supreme Court case held that officers executing a search warrant of a house acted reasonably
by detaining the occupants of the house in handcuffs during the search?
A. Hudson v. Michigan.
B. Mapp v. Ohio.
C. Terry v. Ohio.
D. Muehler v. Mena.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #17
18.
(p. 28)
Incriminating evidence is found during a consent search. What is the primary factor of the search that
the court will look at in deciding whether evidence may be admitted?
A. Was a consent to search form completed by the suspect and witnessed?
B. Was the consent to search voluntarily given?
C. Was the suspect able to observe the search when the evidence was found?
D. Was the suspect under the influence of alcohol or drugs?
Swanson - Chapter 02 #18
19.
(p. 30)
Which Supreme Court Case established the "moveable vehicle" rule?
A. Carroll v. United States.
B. Chambers v. Maroney.
C. Maryland v. Dyson.
D. Chimel v. California.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #19
20.
(p. 31)
What term is used to recognize that a warrantless entry by law enforcement officials may be legal
when there is a compelling need for official action and no time to get a warrant?
A. Emerging situational need.
B. Emergency situational requirement.
C. Exigent circumstances.
D. Emergency exigent circumstances.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #20
21.
(p. 32)
Which of the following is not a requirement for a plain view search to be legal?
A. Officer is where he has a legal right to be.
B. Evidence is in plain view.
C. Evidence is inadvertently discovered.
D. Evidence is found after a limited search.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #21
22.
(p. 33-34)
The landmark Supreme Court ruling that allows stop and frisk procedures is
A. Miranda v. Arizona.
B. Terry v. Ohio.
C. Mapp v. Ohio.
D. Escobedo v. Day.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #22
Loading page 26...
23.
(p. 34)
According to the courts, any new evidence seized resulting from unreasonably seized evidence is also
tainted and is not admissible in court. This is based on the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #23
24.
(p. 34)
In Minnesota v. Dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?
A
.
Officer felt a substance in suspect's pocket, subsequently determined to be cocaine, during a pat
down and manipulated it to determine what it was.
B. Defendant pled guilty before trial.
C. Judge declared a mistrial.
D. The charges were dropped by the prosecutor before trial.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #24
25.
(p. 34)
Evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot be used as the basis for learning
about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before is the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #25
26.
(p. 18)
Procedural law deals with processes of arrest, search and seizure, interrogations, confessions,
admissibility of evidence and testifying in court and therefore changes less frequently than does
substantive law.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #26
27.
(p. 19)
Final ratification of the Constitution of the United States was delayed because some states wanted
guarantees that individual liberties would be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly
formed government. These guarantees came in the form of the first ten Amendments to the
Constitution known as the Bill of Rights.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #27
28.
(p. 20)
The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms
and equal protection of the laws for all citizens, especially the former slaves.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #28
29.
(p. 20)
The Hurtado v. California case attempted the process of the "shorthand doctrine" but instead, ratified
the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine."
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #29
30.
(p. 21)
Formally charging a suspect with a crime does not automatically flow from an arrest.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #30
31.
(p. 20&22)
The most preferred method of affecting an arrest is under the authority of a warrant.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #31
32.
(p. 22)
The two major benefits derived from securing prior judicial approval for arrests are that the approval
relieves the law enforcement officer of the burden of proving the legality of the arrest, and it provides
for automatic approval of evidence to be used during the trial for the crime the person was arrested
for.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #32
(p. 34)
According to the courts, any new evidence seized resulting from unreasonably seized evidence is also
tainted and is not admissible in court. This is based on the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #23
24.
(p. 34)
In Minnesota v. Dickerson, why was the defendant not convicted?
A
.
Officer felt a substance in suspect's pocket, subsequently determined to be cocaine, during a pat
down and manipulated it to determine what it was.
B. Defendant pled guilty before trial.
C. Judge declared a mistrial.
D. The charges were dropped by the prosecutor before trial.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #24
25.
(p. 34)
Evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure cannot be used as the basis for learning
about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about before is the
A. bad evidence doctrine.
B. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine.
C. illegal seizure doctrine.
D. unreasonable search doctrine.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #25
26.
(p. 18)
Procedural law deals with processes of arrest, search and seizure, interrogations, confessions,
admissibility of evidence and testifying in court and therefore changes less frequently than does
substantive law.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #26
27.
(p. 19)
Final ratification of the Constitution of the United States was delayed because some states wanted
guarantees that individual liberties would be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly
formed government. These guarantees came in the form of the first ten Amendments to the
Constitution known as the Bill of Rights.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #27
28.
(p. 20)
The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms
and equal protection of the laws for all citizens, especially the former slaves.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #28
29.
(p. 20)
The Hurtado v. California case attempted the process of the "shorthand doctrine" but instead, ratified
the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine."
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #29
30.
(p. 21)
Formally charging a suspect with a crime does not automatically flow from an arrest.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #30
31.
(p. 20&22)
The most preferred method of affecting an arrest is under the authority of a warrant.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #31
32.
(p. 22)
The two major benefits derived from securing prior judicial approval for arrests are that the approval
relieves the law enforcement officer of the burden of proving the legality of the arrest, and it provides
for automatic approval of evidence to be used during the trial for the crime the person was arrested
for.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #32
Loading page 27...
33.
(p. 24)
An offense committed in the presence of an officer can be the basis of an arrest without a warrant. "In
the presence of" includes the use of any or all of the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, or
smell.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #33
34.
(p. 24)
The law allows an officer to make warrantless arrests in felony cases provided reasonable grounds or
probable cause exists to make the arrest.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #34
35.
(p. 26)
A search warrant is a written order, in the name of the judge, signed by a district attorney, exercising
proper authority, and directing a law enforcement officer to search for specific property and bring it
before the court.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #35
36.
(p. 27)
The ________ must particularly describe the place to be searched. The description must be sufficient
to distinguish the location from all others.
search warrant
Swanson - Chapter 02 #36
37.
(p. 27)
If the affidavit and search warrant are for the search and seizure of _______, the search can be pretty
extensive. It is permissible to search closets, under beds, in dresser drawers, in medicine cabinets, and
in kitchen cupboards.
drugs
Swanson - Chapter 02 #37
38.
(p. 27)
In _______, the Supreme Court ruled that violation of the knock and announce requirement for the
service of a search warrant will no longer result in the suppression of evidence found during the
execution of the search warrant.
Hudson v. Michigan
Swanson - Chapter 02 #38
39.
(p. 28)
In 1969, the United States Supreme Court limited the scope of a search when it ruled in ________
that a warrantless search of the defendant's entire house, following his lawful arrest in the house on a
burglary charge was unreasonable.
Chimel v. California
Swanson - Chapter 02 #39
40.
(p. 30)
The Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of ________ that when a police officer makes a lawful
custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the officer may search the vehicle's passenger
compartment including any open or closed containers found in the vehicle compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
New York v. Belton
Swanson - Chapter 02 #40
41.
(p. 32)
The Supreme Court held that law enforcement officers may enter a home without a warrant where
there is an objectively reasonable basis to believe that an occupant is seriously injured or imminently
threatened with serious injury. The case law is _______.
Brigham City v. Stuart
Swanson - Chapter 02 #41
42.
(p. 32)
An ________ search is done for the purpose of protecting the property of the person arrested
and documenting what was found with a receipt given to the person arrested. In this manner, law
enforcement can prevent accusations of stealing an offender's money or property.
inventory
Swanson - Chapter 02 #42
43.
(p. 33-34)
Terry v. Ohio allows for the ________ of the outer clothing of a suspect for a weapon if the officer is
concerned about his own safety.
pat down
Swanson - Chapter 02 #43
(p. 24)
An offense committed in the presence of an officer can be the basis of an arrest without a warrant. "In
the presence of" includes the use of any or all of the five senses - sight, hearing, taste, touch, or
smell.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #33
34.
(p. 24)
The law allows an officer to make warrantless arrests in felony cases provided reasonable grounds or
probable cause exists to make the arrest.
TRUE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #34
35.
(p. 26)
A search warrant is a written order, in the name of the judge, signed by a district attorney, exercising
proper authority, and directing a law enforcement officer to search for specific property and bring it
before the court.
FALSE
Swanson - Chapter 02 #35
36.
(p. 27)
The ________ must particularly describe the place to be searched. The description must be sufficient
to distinguish the location from all others.
search warrant
Swanson - Chapter 02 #36
37.
(p. 27)
If the affidavit and search warrant are for the search and seizure of _______, the search can be pretty
extensive. It is permissible to search closets, under beds, in dresser drawers, in medicine cabinets, and
in kitchen cupboards.
drugs
Swanson - Chapter 02 #37
38.
(p. 27)
In _______, the Supreme Court ruled that violation of the knock and announce requirement for the
service of a search warrant will no longer result in the suppression of evidence found during the
execution of the search warrant.
Hudson v. Michigan
Swanson - Chapter 02 #38
39.
(p. 28)
In 1969, the United States Supreme Court limited the scope of a search when it ruled in ________
that a warrantless search of the defendant's entire house, following his lawful arrest in the house on a
burglary charge was unreasonable.
Chimel v. California
Swanson - Chapter 02 #39
40.
(p. 30)
The Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of ________ that when a police officer makes a lawful
custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the officer may search the vehicle's passenger
compartment including any open or closed containers found in the vehicle compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
New York v. Belton
Swanson - Chapter 02 #40
41.
(p. 32)
The Supreme Court held that law enforcement officers may enter a home without a warrant where
there is an objectively reasonable basis to believe that an occupant is seriously injured or imminently
threatened with serious injury. The case law is _______.
Brigham City v. Stuart
Swanson - Chapter 02 #41
42.
(p. 32)
An ________ search is done for the purpose of protecting the property of the person arrested
and documenting what was found with a receipt given to the person arrested. In this manner, law
enforcement can prevent accusations of stealing an offender's money or property.
inventory
Swanson - Chapter 02 #42
43.
(p. 33-34)
Terry v. Ohio allows for the ________ of the outer clothing of a suspect for a weapon if the officer is
concerned about his own safety.
pat down
Swanson - Chapter 02 #43
Loading page 28...
44.
(p. 34)
The ________ doctrine provides that evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure
cannot be used as the basis for learning about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about
before.
fruits of the poisonous tree
Swanson - Chapter 02 #44
45.
(p. 34)
The Supreme Court in 2004 upheld a conviction under a Nevada statute that requires a person to
identify himself when so requested during a ________ stop. Twenty states have this identification
requirement.
Terry
Swanson - Chapter 02 #45
46.
(p. 19)
Explain how the laws of arrest and search and seizure flow from the Bill of Rights.
An examination of constitutional history reveals that the powers yielded by the states were specifically
granted for the purpose of establishing a national government. However, final ratification of the
new constitution was delayed because some states wanted guarantees that individual liberties would
be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly formed government. This desire was based
on the experiences of the colonists who supported the Declaration of Independence and fought the
Revolutionary War that won independence and created the United States of America, all of which
occurred because the King of England was oppressing the colonies. The guarantees came in the form
of the first ten amendments to the Constitution known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights would
eventually be applied to the states. The current day laws of arrest, search, and seizure flow from the
original Bill of Rights as interpreted in Constitutional case law by the Supreme Court.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #46
47.
(p. 19-20)
Distinguish between the impacts of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments on defendants in criminal
cases.
The liberties protected by the specific clauses of the Bill of Rights are not exhaustive. One clause
of the Fifth Amendment has been interpreted to leave the door open for additional protections.
The due process clause provides, "…nor [shall any person] be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law." Due process is one of those concepts that has long been the subject of
judicial controversy and has no universally accepted definition. The American concept of "fairness"
is probably the closest one could get to an acceptable definition, in layman terms, without burdening
the effort with reams of judicial history and philosophy. Thus the Supreme Court has its latitude
to interpret the Constitution in any manner it deems to be fair and just under the American judicial
system.
The Civil War was over. Slavery had been abolished. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms and equal protection of the laws for all
citizens, especially the former slaves.
Interpretations of portions of the Fourteenth Amendment provide the foundation for much of modern
criminal procedure in the United States today.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #47
(p. 34)
The ________ doctrine provides that evidence obtained from an unreasonable search and seizure
cannot be used as the basis for learning about or collecting new admissible evidence not known about
before.
fruits of the poisonous tree
Swanson - Chapter 02 #44
45.
(p. 34)
The Supreme Court in 2004 upheld a conviction under a Nevada statute that requires a person to
identify himself when so requested during a ________ stop. Twenty states have this identification
requirement.
Terry
Swanson - Chapter 02 #45
46.
(p. 19)
Explain how the laws of arrest and search and seizure flow from the Bill of Rights.
An examination of constitutional history reveals that the powers yielded by the states were specifically
granted for the purpose of establishing a national government. However, final ratification of the
new constitution was delayed because some states wanted guarantees that individual liberties would
be safeguarded from potential oppression by the newly formed government. This desire was based
on the experiences of the colonists who supported the Declaration of Independence and fought the
Revolutionary War that won independence and created the United States of America, all of which
occurred because the King of England was oppressing the colonies. The guarantees came in the form
of the first ten amendments to the Constitution known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights would
eventually be applied to the states. The current day laws of arrest, search, and seizure flow from the
original Bill of Rights as interpreted in Constitutional case law by the Supreme Court.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #46
47.
(p. 19-20)
Distinguish between the impacts of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments on defendants in criminal
cases.
The liberties protected by the specific clauses of the Bill of Rights are not exhaustive. One clause
of the Fifth Amendment has been interpreted to leave the door open for additional protections.
The due process clause provides, "…nor [shall any person] be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law." Due process is one of those concepts that has long been the subject of
judicial controversy and has no universally accepted definition. The American concept of "fairness"
is probably the closest one could get to an acceptable definition, in layman terms, without burdening
the effort with reams of judicial history and philosophy. Thus the Supreme Court has its latitude
to interpret the Constitution in any manner it deems to be fair and just under the American judicial
system.
The Civil War was over. Slavery had been abolished. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
Amendments were all designed to guarantee the freedoms and equal protection of the laws for all
citizens, especially the former slaves.
Interpretations of portions of the Fourteenth Amendment provide the foundation for much of modern
criminal procedure in the United States today.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #47
Loading page 29...
48.
(p. 25-26)
What is the Exclusionary Rule and how did it evolve?
Under early English common law, an illegal search and seizure that produced incriminating
evidence was allowed, and the evidence obtained was admissible in court. Surprisingly, federal law
enforcement officers in the United States were permitted to follow the same rule until 1914.
In Weeks v. United States, the Court established what became known as the "Federal Exclusionary
Rule." The Court ruled that any evidence unreasonably obtained by federal law enforcement officers
could no longer be admissible in federal prosecutions.
After the Weeks decision, very few states adopted their own exclusionary rule applicable within their
own states. Following Dollree Mapp's conviction and the denial of her appeals in the state courts, her
case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court. Mapp v. Ohio decided in 1961, established the
rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized would no longer be admissible in any court—
state or federal. The Exclusionary Rule was now applicable in all courts at all levels.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #48
49.
(p. 22)
What are the benefits to a police officer and the case if an arrest is made under the authority of a
warrant?
There are two major benefits derived from securing judicial approval for arrest through the process
of obtaining a warrant. First, it relieves the police officer of the burden of proving the legality of the
arrest so that the officer need not fear charges of false arrest, malicious prosecution, or other civil
suits. Second, it provides for an independent evaluation of the evidence.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #49
50.
(p. 22-23)
Is a "John Doe" arrest warrant valid under any circumstances? Explain.
John Doe warrants may be valid under certain circumstances provided the warrant is issued for a
person who can be described as required by the Constitution. John Doe is used if a name, alias, or
nickname is unknown. However, the other type of John Doe warrant, which is merely issued for
any person who might have committed that offense without satisfying the particular description
requirement of the Constitution, is totally invalid.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #50
51.
(p. 23-24)
Define and describe "probable cause."
Probable cause is a difficult term to define because in no two instances will it ever look the same.
However, one acceptable definition of probable cause is that it is more than suspicion but less than
actual knowledge. It is suspicion plus facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person,
exercising ordinary caution, under the same circumstances, to believe that a crime has been, is being,
or is about to be committed. Probable cause may be based on a number of sources of information, not
all of which, or any of which, need be the kind of evidence that will be admissible at trial.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #51
(p. 25-26)
What is the Exclusionary Rule and how did it evolve?
Under early English common law, an illegal search and seizure that produced incriminating
evidence was allowed, and the evidence obtained was admissible in court. Surprisingly, federal law
enforcement officers in the United States were permitted to follow the same rule until 1914.
In Weeks v. United States, the Court established what became known as the "Federal Exclusionary
Rule." The Court ruled that any evidence unreasonably obtained by federal law enforcement officers
could no longer be admissible in federal prosecutions.
After the Weeks decision, very few states adopted their own exclusionary rule applicable within their
own states. Following Dollree Mapp's conviction and the denial of her appeals in the state courts, her
case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court. Mapp v. Ohio decided in 1961, established the
rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized would no longer be admissible in any court—
state or federal. The Exclusionary Rule was now applicable in all courts at all levels.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #48
49.
(p. 22)
What are the benefits to a police officer and the case if an arrest is made under the authority of a
warrant?
There are two major benefits derived from securing judicial approval for arrest through the process
of obtaining a warrant. First, it relieves the police officer of the burden of proving the legality of the
arrest so that the officer need not fear charges of false arrest, malicious prosecution, or other civil
suits. Second, it provides for an independent evaluation of the evidence.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #49
50.
(p. 22-23)
Is a "John Doe" arrest warrant valid under any circumstances? Explain.
John Doe warrants may be valid under certain circumstances provided the warrant is issued for a
person who can be described as required by the Constitution. John Doe is used if a name, alias, or
nickname is unknown. However, the other type of John Doe warrant, which is merely issued for
any person who might have committed that offense without satisfying the particular description
requirement of the Constitution, is totally invalid.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #50
51.
(p. 23-24)
Define and describe "probable cause."
Probable cause is a difficult term to define because in no two instances will it ever look the same.
However, one acceptable definition of probable cause is that it is more than suspicion but less than
actual knowledge. It is suspicion plus facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person,
exercising ordinary caution, under the same circumstances, to believe that a crime has been, is being,
or is about to be committed. Probable cause may be based on a number of sources of information, not
all of which, or any of which, need be the kind of evidence that will be admissible at trial.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #51
Loading page 30...
52.
(p. 25)
Describe the "Silver Platter" Doctrine. Is it still followed? Why or why not?
The Federal Exclusionary Rule was established in 1914 in the case of Weeks v. United States. The
Court made it quite clear that, because this was a federal case, the decision was applicable only to
federal law enforcement officers and federal courts and was in no way applicable to the states. But
this decision, as do many Supreme Court decisions, left a number of unanswered questions. Out of
one question arose the "Silver Platter Doctrine." The Weeks decision prohibited federal officers from
illegally seizing evidence but it did not prevent law enforcement officers to the states from illegally
seizing the evidence and handing it over to federal agents on a "silver platter" for use in federal courts.
This method of circumventing the Federal Exclusionary Rule remained in effect until 1960.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #52
53.
(p. 22-23)
List the requirements of a valid arrest warrant.
The investigator is not relieved of all responsibility for the legality of the arrest simply because a
warrant was obtained. The investigator must be aware of what constitutes a valid warrant to ensure
that the one he or she possesses permits a legal arrest.
A. An arrest warrant is a judicial order commanding the person to whom it is issued or some other
person to arrest a particular individual and to bring that person promptly before a court to answer a
criminal charge. The arrest warrant generally must be written. By legislation, some jurisdictions allow
for verbal authorization supported by written authorization in warrant form that is issued later.
In most cases, particularly major felonies, the warrant must be issued by a judge who personally
reviews the facts to determine the existence of reasonable grounds as required by the Constitution.
B. The warrant must be supported by an affidavit - a written statement of the information known to the
officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of the warrant. In major cases, the requirements vary
on whether the warrant must be issued in the county in which the offense occurred, but once issued,
major case warrants can be served anywhere in the state.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #53
54.
(p. 30-31)
What limitations have judicial cases placed on the search of a motor vehicle incident to a lawful
arrest?
Keeping in mind the foundation principle of the Chimel case, that a search may be made of the area
under the arrestee's immediate control, the Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of New York v.
Belton, that when a police officer makes a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the
officer may search the vehicle's passenger compartment as a contemporaneous incident of arrest. The
right to search includes any open or closed containers found in the passenger compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
In brief, the Court said that the right to search the passenger compartment of a car still exists even if
the officer does not make contact until the person arrested has left the vehicle. The issue in this case
asked the question on the reasonableness of the search whether the defendant was inside or outside
the vehicle when first contacted and subsequently arrested. The opinion points out that the length of
time the person had been out of the car and how far away from the vehicle the person was may all
come into play in determining reasonableness of a search. Interestingly, in this case, the defendant had
already been secured and was in the back seat of the patrol car when this search took place. This, of
course, was pointed out by the dissenting Justices, who said there was no longer any chance to obtain
a weapon or destroy evidence and the officer should have obtained a warrant before searching.
A vehicle search is not reasonable if conducted pursuant to stopping a vehicle for a traffic violation
and writing a citation. A citation is not an arrest and no right to search arises.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #54
(p. 25)
Describe the "Silver Platter" Doctrine. Is it still followed? Why or why not?
The Federal Exclusionary Rule was established in 1914 in the case of Weeks v. United States. The
Court made it quite clear that, because this was a federal case, the decision was applicable only to
federal law enforcement officers and federal courts and was in no way applicable to the states. But
this decision, as do many Supreme Court decisions, left a number of unanswered questions. Out of
one question arose the "Silver Platter Doctrine." The Weeks decision prohibited federal officers from
illegally seizing evidence but it did not prevent law enforcement officers to the states from illegally
seizing the evidence and handing it over to federal agents on a "silver platter" for use in federal courts.
This method of circumventing the Federal Exclusionary Rule remained in effect until 1960.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #52
53.
(p. 22-23)
List the requirements of a valid arrest warrant.
The investigator is not relieved of all responsibility for the legality of the arrest simply because a
warrant was obtained. The investigator must be aware of what constitutes a valid warrant to ensure
that the one he or she possesses permits a legal arrest.
A. An arrest warrant is a judicial order commanding the person to whom it is issued or some other
person to arrest a particular individual and to bring that person promptly before a court to answer a
criminal charge. The arrest warrant generally must be written. By legislation, some jurisdictions allow
for verbal authorization supported by written authorization in warrant form that is issued later.
In most cases, particularly major felonies, the warrant must be issued by a judge who personally
reviews the facts to determine the existence of reasonable grounds as required by the Constitution.
B. The warrant must be supported by an affidavit - a written statement of the information known to the
officer that serves as the basis for the issuance of the warrant. In major cases, the requirements vary
on whether the warrant must be issued in the county in which the offense occurred, but once issued,
major case warrants can be served anywhere in the state.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #53
54.
(p. 30-31)
What limitations have judicial cases placed on the search of a motor vehicle incident to a lawful
arrest?
Keeping in mind the foundation principle of the Chimel case, that a search may be made of the area
under the arrestee's immediate control, the Supreme Court ruled in the 1981 case of New York v.
Belton, that when a police officer makes a lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of an automobile, the
officer may search the vehicle's passenger compartment as a contemporaneous incident of arrest. The
right to search includes any open or closed containers found in the passenger compartment. It does not
include the trunk.
In brief, the Court said that the right to search the passenger compartment of a car still exists even if
the officer does not make contact until the person arrested has left the vehicle. The issue in this case
asked the question on the reasonableness of the search whether the defendant was inside or outside
the vehicle when first contacted and subsequently arrested. The opinion points out that the length of
time the person had been out of the car and how far away from the vehicle the person was may all
come into play in determining reasonableness of a search. Interestingly, in this case, the defendant had
already been secured and was in the back seat of the patrol car when this search took place. This, of
course, was pointed out by the dissenting Justices, who said there was no longer any chance to obtain
a weapon or destroy evidence and the officer should have obtained a warrant before searching.
A vehicle search is not reasonable if conducted pursuant to stopping a vehicle for a traffic violation
and writing a citation. A citation is not an arrest and no right to search arises.
Swanson - Chapter 02 #54
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