Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th Edition Test Bank

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Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 4theditionAndy Field Multiple Choice TestbankChapter 1Why is my evil lecturer forcing me to learn statistics?Using this testbank:This testbank is designed to be used in conjunction with Field, A. P. (2013).DiscoveringStatistics Using IBM SPSSStatistics,4th edition.London: SAGE.Please note, that in this testbank the first choice is always the correct answer.Additionally, each multiple choice questioncomes with suggested feedback to further support your students.More about this testbank:The questions in this testbank are also available in WebAssign. WebAssign is apowerful instructional tool for students and lecturers which,supports both formative andsummative assessment.The testbank on WebAssign also provides a wide range ofnumeracy questions which you can assign to your students to enable them to practicesolving statistical problems until they master them.To find out more about teaching with Field Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS using WebAssign please visithttp://www.webassign.net/or contact your SAGE sales rep athttp://www.uk.sagepub.com/repsAndAgents.sp

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.001.Classify each of the following variables as eithernominalorcontinuous.a.ageb.genderc.heightd.raceAuthor’s NotesMultiple ChoicePart (a)Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicecontinuousCorrectnominalIncorrectMultiple Choice Part (b) Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicenominalCorrectcontinuousIncorrectMultiple Choice Part (c) Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicecontinuousCorrectnominalIncorrectMultiple Choice Part (d) Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicenominalCorrectcontinuousIncorrect

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.002.A café owner decided to calculate how much revenue he gained from lattes each month. What type of variablewould the amount of revenue gained from lattes be?Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicecontinuousYes, the amount of revenue gained from lattes would be acontinuous variable. A continuous variable is one forwhich, within the limits the variable ranges, any value ispossible. Indeed, it is meaningful to speak of £107,543 (ordollars, euros etc.) (seeSection1.5.1.2).categoricalThis is incorrect because categorical variables arevariables in which entities are divided into distinctcategories (seeSection1.5.1.2).discreteThis is incorrect because a discrete variable can only takeon certain values (usually whole numbers) (seeSection1.5.1.2).nominalThis is incorrect because anominal variableis one thatdescribes a name or category (seeSection1.5.1.2).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.003.A café owner wanted to compare how much revenue he gained from lattes across different months of the year. Whattype of variable is ‘month’?Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choicecategoricalYes, this is correct because months of the year aredivided into distinct categories (seeSection1.5.1.2).dependentThis is incorrect because a‘dependent variable’represents the output or effect (seeSection1.5.1.1).Revenue would be the dependent variable.intervalThis is incorrect because interval variables can bemeasured along a continuum and they have a numericalvalue (for example, temperature measured in degreesCelsius or Fahrenheit) (seeSection1.5.1.2).continuousThis is incorrect, a continuous variable is one for whichwithin the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible(seeSection1.5.1.2).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.004.Which of the following bestdescribesa confounding variable?Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceA variable that affects the outcome beingmeasured as well as,or instead of,theindependent variable.Yes, this is correctbecausea confounding variable is anunforeseen and unaccounted-for variable that jeopardizesreliability and validity of an experiment's outcome(seeSection1.5.5).A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.This is incorrect because a confounding variable is anunforeseen and unaccounted-for variable that jeopardizesreliability and validity of an experiment's outcome(seeSection1.5.5).A variable that hasbeen measured using anunreliablescale.This is incorrectbecause althougha confounding variablecould be measured using an unreliable scale,this is notits defining feature–it could equally be measured using areliable scale, or not measured at all(seeSection1.5.5.2).A variable that is made up only of categories.This is incorrect,becausealthough a confounding variablecould be categorical,this is not its defining feature–itcould equally be a continuous variable. Avariable that ismade up only of categories is known as a categoricalvariable(seeSection1.5.1.2).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.005.A demand characteristic is:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceWhen a person responds in an experiment in a waythat is consistent with their beliefs about how theexperimenter would like them to behave.Yes, this is correct;ademand characteristicrefers to anexperimentalartefactwhere participants form aninterpretation of the experiment's purpose andunconsciously change their behaviour to fit thatinterpretation.When the experimenter’s behaviour affects theresults of an experiment.Thisdescribesan experimenter effect and is, therefore,incorrect.A personality trait that affects the results of anexperiment in an undesirable way.This is incorrect;ademand characteristicrefers to anexperimentalartefactwhere participants form aninterpretation of the experiment's purpose andunconsciously change their behaviour to fit thatinterpretation.A personality trait that makes a participant likely tofind an experiment too demanding.This is incorrect;ademand characteristicrefers to anexperimentalartefactwhere participants form aninterpretation of the experiment's purpose andunconsciously change their behaviour to fit thatinterpretation.

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.006.If a test is valid, what does this mean?Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceThe test measures what it claims to measure.Yes, this is correct. For more information on validity andreliabilityseeSection1.5.3.The test will give consistent results.This isincorrect. This statement describesreliability. Formore information on reliability and validityseeSection1.5.3.The test has internal consistency.This is incorrect.Internal consistencyis typically ameasure based on thecorrelationsbetween differentitems on the same test (or the same subscale on a largertest). It measures whether several items that propose tomeasure the same general construct produce similarscores. For example, if a respondent expressedagreement with the statements‘I like rock music’and‘I'veenjoyed listening to rock music in the past’, anddisagreement with the statement‘I hate rock music’, thiswould be indicative of good internal consistency of the test(seeSection1.5.3).The test measures a usefulconstruct or variable.This is incorrect.A test can measure something useful butstill not be valid(seeSection1.5.3).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.007.When questionnaire scores predict or correspond with external measures of the same construct that thequestionnaire measures it is said to have:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceCriterion validityYes, this is correct. Criterion validity is a measure of howwell a particular measure/questionnaire compares withother measures or outcomes (the criteria) that are alreadyestablished as being valid. For example, IQ tests are oftenvalidated against measures of academic performance (thecriterion) (seeSection1.5.3).Factorial validityThis is incorrect. Factorial validity refers to the clusteringof correlations of responses by groupings of items in thequestionnaire. Factor analysis can be used for thispurpose. Basically, the groupings must make intuitivesense to the investigator otherwise the questionnaire haspoor factorial validity (seeSection1.5.3).Ecological validityThis is incorrect. For a research study to possessecological validity, the methods, materials and setting ofthe study must approximate the real-life situation that isunder investigation (seeSection1.5.3).Content validityThis is incorrect.Content validity refers tothe degree towhich individual itemson a questionnaire/measurerepresent the construct being measured, and cover thefull range of the construct (seeSection1.5.3).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.008.When the results of an experiment can be applied toreal-world conditions, that experiment is said to have:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceEcological validityYes, this is correct. For a research study to possessecological validity, the methods, materials and setting ofthe study must approximate the real-life situation that isunder investigation (seeSection1.5.3).Factorial validityThis is incorrect. Factorial validity refers to the clusteringof correlations of responses by groupings of items in thequestionnaire. Factor analysis can be used for thispurpose. Basically, the groupings must make intuitivesense to the investigator otherwise the questionnaire haspoor factorial validity (seeSection1.5.3).Content validityThis is incorrect. Content validity refers to the degree towhich individual items on a questionnaire/measurerepresent the construct being measured, and cover thefull range of the construct (seeSection1.5.3).Criterion validityThis is incorrect. Criterion validity is a measure of howwell a particular measure/questionnaire compares withother measures or outcomes (the criteria) that are alreadyestablished as being valid. For example, IQ tests are oftenvalidated against measures of academic performance (thecriterion) (seeSection1.5.3).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.009.A variable manipulated by a researcher is known as:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceAn independent variableYes, this is correct.An independent variable (or predictorvariable) is a variable that is thought to be the cause ofsome effect. This term is usually used in experimentalresearch to denote a variable that the experimenter hasmanipulated(seeSection1.5.1.1).A dependent variableThis is incorrect.A dependent variable is a variable that isthought to be affected by changes in an independentvariable. You can think of this variable as an outcome(seeSection1.5.1.1)A confounding variableThis is incorrect.A confounding variableis a variablewhich has an unintentional effect on the dependentvariable.When carrying out experiments we attempt tocontrol these extraneous variables;however,there isalways the possibility that one of these variables is notcontrolled and if this affects the dependent variable in asystematic way, we call this a confounding variable(seeSection1.5.1.1).A discrete variableThis is incorrect.A discrete variable can take on onlycertain values (usually whole numbers) on the scale (seeJaneSuperbrain Box1.3 andSection1.5.1.1).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.010.A variable that measures the effectthatmanipulating another variablehas isknown as:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceA dependent variableYes, this is correct.A dependentvariable (oroutcomevariable)is a variable that is thought to be affected bychanges in an independent variable(seeSection1.5.1.1).A confounding variableThis is incorrect.A confounding variable is a variablewhich has an unintentional effect on the dependentvariable.When carrying out experiments we attempt tocontrol these extraneous variables;however,there isalways the possibility that one of these variables is notcontrolled and if this affects the dependent variable in asystematic way, we call this a confounding variable(seeSection1.5.1.1).ApredictorvariableThis is incorrect.An predictor variable is a variable that isthought to predict another variable (seeSection1.5.1.1).An independent variableThis is incorrect.Anindependentvariable is a variablethat is thought to be the cause of some effect. This term isusually used in experimental research to denote avariable that the experimenter has manipulated (seeSection1.5.1.1).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.011.A predictor variable is another name for:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceAn independent variableYes, this is correct. An independent variable (or predictorvariable) is a variable that is thought to be the cause ofsome effect. This term is usually used in experimentalresearch to denote a variable that the experimenter hasmanipulated (seeSection1.5.1.1).A dependent variableThis is incorrect. A dependent variable is a variable that isthought to be affected by changes in an independentvariable. You can think of this variable as an outcome(seeSection1.5.1.1).A confounding variableThis is incorrect. A confounding variable is a variablewhich has an unintentional effect on the dependentvariable.When carrying out experiments we attempt tocontrol these extraneous variables;however;there isalways the possibility that one of these variables is notcontrolled and if this affects the dependent variable in asystematic way, we call this a confounding variable (seeSection1.5.1.1).A discrete variableThis is incorrect. A discrete variable can take on onlycertain values (usually whole numbers) on the scale (seeJaneSuperbrain Box1.3 andSection1.5.1.1).

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ExerciseFieldStat4 1.MC.012.The discrepancy between the numbers used to represent something that we are trying to measure and the actualvalue of what we are measuring is called:Author’s NotesMultiple Choice Options (correct choice comes first)Feedback (rejoinder) for this choiceMeasurement errorYes, this is correct.It’s one thing to measure variables,but it’s another thing to measure them accurately.(seeSection1.5.2).ReliabilityThis is incorrect.Reliability refers to whether aninstrument can be interpreted consistently across differentsituations(seeSections1.5.2and 1.5.3).The ‘fit’ of the modelThis is incorrect.The ‘fit’ of the model is the degree towhich a statistical model represents the data collected(seeSection1.5.2).VarianceThis is incorrect.The variance is the average errorbetween the mean and the observations made(seeSection1.5.2).

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