Foundations of Earth Science 8th Edition Test Bank

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1Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Foundations of Earth Science, 8e(Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)Chapter 1Matter and Minerals1.1Multiple-Choice Questions1) Which of the following best defines the relationship between minerals and rocks?A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is alithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.B) A mineral consists of atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, theatoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.C) In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithifiedor consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; amineral is a consolidated aggregate of rock particles.Answer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G7Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksFocus/Concepts: 1.1ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how ourplanet works.2) All of the atoms making up any given element have the same number of ________.A) electrons in the nucleusB) protons in the nucleusC) neutrons in the outer nuclear shellD) electrons in the outermost valence shellAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.2ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how ourplanet works.

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2Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.3) Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________.A) ionsB) isotopesC) isochronsD) neutronsAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.3 Why Atoms BondFocus/Concepts: 1.3ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how ourplanet works.4) When in contact with hydrochloric acid, which mineral gives off bubbles of carbon dioxidegas?A) quartzB) haliteC) calciteD) fluoriteAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.2ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.5) The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as________.A) cleavageB) lusterC) specific gravityD) streakAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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3Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.6) Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen?A) calciteB) diamondC) olivineD) quartzAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.7) Which of the following silicate minerals is the most abundant in Earth's crust?A) pyroxeneB) olivineC) garnetD) feldsparsAnswer: DDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.8) Which of the following minerals is a silicate (a mineral containing a silicon-bearing ion)?A) hematiteB) feldsparC) calciteD) haliteAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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4Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.9) Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?A) carbonatesB) pyroxenesC) micasD) feldsparsAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.10) The ion at the center of a silicon—oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ________.A) 4 oxygen ionsB) 6 oxygen ionsC) 4 sodium ionsD) 6 sodium ionsAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how ourplanet works.11) The resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion is known as ________.A) lusterB) cleavageC) streakD) hardnessAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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5Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12) Imagine you are handed a mineral sample. It breaks with a conchoidal fracture but displaysno cleavage. It does not react with hydrochloric acid, is a light pink color, and has a nonmetallicluster. It is harder than a streak plate, and has a specific gravity of 2.65. What mineral is it?A) olivineB) potassium feldsparC) calciteD) quartzAnswer: DDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G7, G9Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.13) You are handed a sample of an unknown silicate mineral. Which two elementsmustitcontain?A) silicon and oxygenB) iron and siliconC) carbon and hydrogenD) silicon and sodiumAnswer: ADiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.14) What element is the most abundant in Earth's crust by weight?A) carbonB) chlorineC) oxygenD) leadAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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6Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.15) Which of the following is a silicate mineral with a single-chained structure?A) olivineB) pyroxeneC) amphiboleD) micaAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.16) Due to the arrangement of weaker bonds in their crystal lattice, the tendency of certainminerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________.A) streakB) cleavageC) lusterD) crystal habitAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G3Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.17) An atom's mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in itsnucleus?A) 19B) 13C) 7D) 6Answer: CDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G4Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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7Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.18) Three of the followingaretrue for minerals. Which one of the following isnottrue forminerals?A) They have a specific, predictable chemical composition.B) They have an orderly internal crystalline structure.C) They can be identified by characteristic physical properties.D) They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.Answer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksFocus/Concepts: 1.1ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.19) Which the following are the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus?A) protonsB) neutronsC) ionsD) electronsAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.2ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.20) Which of the following has the highest specific gravity?A) styrofoamB) waterC) haliteD) goldAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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8Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.21) Which of the following properties would be least useful for identifying a sample of calcite?A) reaction to hydrochloric acidB) three planes of cleavageC) white colorD) hardness of 3 on the Mohs scaleAnswer: CDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G9Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.22) A cubic centimeter each of quartz, olivine, and native gold weighs 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams,respectively. These weights indicate that________.A) gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivineB) olivine melts at a higher temperature than either gold or quartzC) gold is 6 to 7 times harder than olivine and quartzD) gold and olivine qualify as silicates, but quartz would notAnswer: ADiff: 3Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/CreatingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G4Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.23) Which of the following silicate minerals forms from single tetrahedra?A) biotiteB) quartzC) potassium feldsparD) olivineAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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9Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.24) If a mineral has a specific gravity of 3, it must be ________ times as dense as water.A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4Answer: CDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G4Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.25) ________ exhibits a conchoidal fracture.A) QuartzB) HaliteC) GypsumD) CalciteAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.26) The ________ mineral group reacts to hydrochloric acid.A) silicateB) carbonateC) halideD) oxideAnswer: BDiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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10Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.27) An aggregate of one or more minerals is called a(n) ________.A) atomB) compoundC) ionic bondD) rockAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksFocus/Concepts: 1.1ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.28) Biotite has which of the following types of cleavage?A) cleavage in one directionB) two directions at 90° anglesC) three directions at 90° anglesD) cleavage in four directionsAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.29) A mineral's resistance to breaking, bending, or cutting is defined as:A) FractureB) CleavageC) TenacityD) Specific gravityAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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11Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.30) ________ bonding is the sharing of valence atoms between a pair of atoms.A) IonicB) MetallicC) HydrogenD) CovalentAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.3 Why Atoms BondFocus/Concepts: 1.3ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.31) The most common group of minerals in Earth's crust are the ________.A) oxidesB) carbonatesC) native metalsD) silicatesAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.32) Feldspar minerals can look very similar to each other, what would you look for todifferentiate plagioclase feldspar from potassium feldspar?A) striations on plagioclase feldsparB) cleavage anglesC) hardnessD) crystal habitAnswer: ADiff: 2Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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12Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.33) If an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it would be considered ________.A) electrically neutralB) electrically positiveC) electrically negativeD) metallicAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/AnalyzingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G7Section: 1.3 Why Atoms BondFocus/Concepts: 1.3ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.34) Which of the following elements has the most valance electrons in its outermost shell?A) carbonB) nitrogenC) oxygenD) heliumAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.2ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.35) The ability of a mineral to transmit both light and an image in the mineral is described as________.A) opaqueB) transparentC) translucentD) cloudyAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

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13Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.36) The termsbladed, fibrous, cubic,andplatydescribe ________.A) tenacityB) mineral strengthC) crystal habitD) densityAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G1Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.37) ________ is the study of minerals.A) PaleontologyB) MineralogyC) PetrologyD) TenacityAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G1Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksFocus/Concepts: 1.1ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.38) Which of the following minerals comprises just one element?A) diamondB) haliteC) quartzD) talcAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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14Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.39) ________ is the powdered form of the mineral.A) DensityB) StreakC) HardnessD) Crystal habitAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.40) Limestone is most similar to the mineral ________.A) quartzB) gypsumC) haliteD) calciteAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of RocksFocus/Concepts: 1.1ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.41) Which of the following minerals would best be utilized for extracted iron to make steel?A) hematiteB) dolomiteC) quartzD) talcAnswer: ADiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G5, G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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15Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.42) ________ is the softest mineral and ________ is the hardest mineral on Mohs scale.A) Talc; topazB) Gypsum; quartzC) Talc; diamondD) Gypsum; diamondAnswer: CDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G7Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.43) Which of the following minerals has a metallic luster?A) quartzB) galenaC) diamondD) haliteAnswer: BDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2Section: 1.4 Properties of MineralsFocus/Concepts: 1.4ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.44) Most silicate minerals form from ________.A) earthquakesB) meteorite impactsC) erosional processesD) molten rockAnswer: DDiff: 1Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/UnderstandingGlobal Sci Out: G2, G7Section: 1.5 Mineral GroupsFocus/Concepts: 1.5ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

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