Fundamentals of Statistics, 5th Edition Test Bank

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Strengthen your understanding with Fundamentals of Statistics, 5th Edition Test Bank, packed with challenging questions and expert solutions.

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ExamName___________________________________SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Provide an appropriate response.1)Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: tossing a coin1)Answer:(head, tail)2)Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a true or false question2)Answer:(true, false)3)Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: tossing four coins and recordingthe number of heads3)Answer:(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)4)Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: answering a multiple choicequestion with A, B, C, D and E as the possible answers4)Answer:(A, B, C, D, E)5)Identify the sample space of the probability experiment: determining the puppie's genderfor a litter of three puppies (Use M for male and F for female.)5)Answer:(MMM), (MMF), (MFM), (FMM), (MFF), (FMF), (FFM), (FFF)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.6)Which of the following probabilities for the sample points A, B, and C could be true if A, B, and Care the only sample points in an experiment?6)A)P(A)=1/5, P(B)=1/8, P(C)=1/6B)P(A)=-1/4, P(B)=1/2, P(C)=3/4C)P(A)=1/9, P(B)=1/9, P(C)=1/9D)P(A)=0, P(B)=1/15, P(C)=14/15Answer:D7)If A, B, C, and D, are the only possible outcomes of an experiment, find the probability of D usingthe table below.OutcomeABCDProbability1/141/141/14.7)A)11/14B)1/4C)3/14D)1/14Answer:A1

8)In a 1-pond bag of skittles the possible colors were red, green, yellow, orange, and purple. Theprobability of drawing a particular color from that bag is given below. Is this a probability model?Answer Yes or No.ColorProbabilityRed0.2299Green0.1908Orange0.2168Yellow0.1889Purple0.18168)A)NoB)YesAnswer:B9)A bag contains 25 wooden beads. The colors of the beads are red, blue, white, green, black, brown,and grey. The probability of randomly selecting a bead of a particular color from the bag is givenbelow. Is this a probability model? Answer yes or No.ColorRedBlueWhiteGreenBlackBrownGreyProbability0.280.240.200.160.120.080.039)A)YesB)NoAnswer:B10)Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?10)A)0B)0.001C)-61D)53Answer:C11)The probability that event A will occur is P(A)=Number of successful outcomesNumber of unsuccessful outcomes11)A)TrueB)FalseAnswer:B12)The probability that event A will occur is P(A)=Number of successful outcomesTotal number of all possible outcomes12)A)FalseB)TrueAnswer:B13)In terms of probability, a(n) ___________________ is any process with uncertain results that can berepeated.13)A)Sample spaceB)OutcomeC)ExperimentD)EventAnswer:C14)A(n) _______________ of a probability experiment is the collection of all outcomes possible.14)A)Prediction setB)Sample spaceC)Event setD)Bernoulli spaceAnswer:B2

15)True or False: An event is any collection of outcomes from a probability experiment.15)A)TrueB)FalseAnswer:A16)An unusual event is an event that has a16)A)Probability of 1B)Probability which exceeds 1C)A negative probabilityD)Low probability of occurrenceAnswer:D17)The table below represents a random sample of the number of deaths per 100 cases for a certainillness over time. If a person infected with this illness is randomly selected from all infected people,find the probability that the person lives 3-4 years after diagnosis. Express your answer as asimplified fraction and as a decimal.Years after DiagnosisNumber deaths1-2153-4355-6167-899-10611-12413-14215+1317)A)3565; 0.538B)35100; 0.35C)7120; 0.058D)135; 0.029Answer:B18)Recently, the stock market took big swings up and down. A survey of993adult investors askedhow often they tracked their portfolio. The table shows the investor responses. What is theprobability that an adult investor tracks his or her portfolio daily? Express your answer as asimplified fraction and as a decimal rounded to three decimal places.How frequently?ResponseDaily236Weekly272Monthly298Couple times a year133Don't track5418)A)236993;0.238B)298993;0.3C)272993;0.274D)133993;0.134Answer:A3

The chart below shows the percentage of people in a questionnaire who bought or leased the listed car models and werevery satisfied with the experience.Model A81%Model B79%Model C73%Model D61%Model E59%Model F57%19)With which model was the greatest percentage satisfied? Estimate the empirical probability that aperson with this model is very satisfied with the experience. Express the answer as a fraction witha denominator of 100.19)A)Model F;57100B)Model F;0.57100C)Model A;81100D)Model A:0.81100Answer:C20)The empirical probability that a person with a model shown is very satisfied with the experience is57100. What is the model?20)A)BB)DC)ED)FAnswer:DProvide an appropriate response.21)True or False: The probability of an event E in an empirical experiment may change fromexperiment to experiment.21)A)FalseB)TrueAnswer:B22)Use the spinner below to answer the question. Assume that it is equally probable that the pointerwill land on any one of the five numbered spaces. If the pointer lands on a borderline, spin again.Find the probability that the arrow will land on3or1.22)A)13B)1C)3D)25Answer:D4

23)Use the spinner below to answer the question. Assume that it is equally probable that the pointerwill land on any one of the five numbered spaces. If the pointer lands on a borderline, spin again.Find the probability that the arrow will land on an odd number.23)A)0B)35C)1D)25Answer:B24)You are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability of being dealt an ace or a6.24)A)726B)132C)7D)213Answer:D25)A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Find the probability of getting a3.25)A)12B)16C)3D)0Answer:B26)A die is rolled. The set of equally likely outcomes is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Find the probability of getting a10.26)A)10B)1C)106D)0Answer:D27)You are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability of being dealt a picturecard.27)A)313B)352C)326D)113Answer:A28)A fair coin is tossed two times in succession. The set of equally likely outcomes is{HH, HT, TH, TT}.Find the probability of getting the same outcome on each toss.28)A)34B)12C)1D)14Answer:B29)A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),(1, 5),(1, 6),(2, 1),(2, 2),(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3),(4, 4),(4, 5),(4, 6),(5, 1),(5, 2),(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find theprobability of getting two numbers whose sum is greater than10.29)A)3B)112C)118D)518Answer:B5

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30)A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),(1, 5),(1, 6),(2, 1),(2, 2),(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3),(4, 4),(4, 5),(4, 6),(5, 1),(5, 2),(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find theprobability of getting two numbers whose sum is less than 13.30)A)1B)0C)14D)12Answer:A31)A single die is rolled twice. The set of 36 equally likely outcomes is {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4),(1, 5),(1, 6),(2, 1),(2, 2),(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3),(4, 4),(4, 5),(4, 6),(5, 1),(5, 2),(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}. Find theprobability of getting two numbers whose sum is greater than 9 and less than 13.31)A)536B)16C)0D)736Answer:B32)This problem deals with eye color, an inherited trait. For purposes of this problem, assume thatonly two eye colors are possible, brown and blue. We use b to represent a blue eye gene and B abrown eye gene. If any B genes are present, the person will have brown eyes. The table shows thefour possibilities for the children of two Bb (brown-eyed) parents, where each parent has one ofeach eye color gene.Second ParentFirst ParentBbBBBBbbBbbbFind the probability that these parents give birth to a child who has blue eyes.32)A)14B)1C)0D)12Answer:A33)Three fair coins are tossed in the air and land on a table. The up side of each coin is noted. Howmany elements are there in the sample space?33)A)4B)8C)3D)6Answer:B34)The sample space for tossing three fair coins is {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}.What is the probability of exactly two heads?34)A)38B)58C)12D)3Answer:A35)In the game of roulette in the United States a wheel has 38 slots: 18 slots are black, 18 slots are red,and 2 slots are green. We watched a friend play roulette for two hours. In that time we noted thatthe wheel was spun 50 times and that out of those 50 spins black came up 22 times. Based on thisdata, theP(black )=2250=0.44.This is an example of what type of probability?35)A)ObservationalB)EmpiricalC)SubjectiveD)ClassicalAnswer:B6

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36)In the game of roulette in the United States a wheel has 38 slots: 18 slots are black, 18 slots are red,and 2 slots are green. TheP(Red)=1838Y0.47.This is an example of what type of probability?36)A)ClassicalB)SubjectiveC)SimulatedD)EmpiricalAnswer:A37)Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjectiveprobability. The probability that it will snow tomorrow is84%.37)A)empirical probabilityB)subjective probabilityC)classical probabilityAnswer:B38)Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjectiveprobability. It is known that the probability of hitting a pothole while driving on a certain road is1%.38)A)classical probabilityB)empirical probabilityC)subjective probabilityAnswer:B39)Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjectiveprobability. The probability that cab fares will rise during the winter is 0.05.39)A)classical probabilityB)subjective probabilityC)empirical probabilityAnswer:B40)Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjectiveprobability. In one state lottery, a person selects a 4-digit number. The probability of winning thisstate's lottery is110,000.40)A)empirical probabilityB)subjective probabilityC)classical probabilityAnswer:C41)Classify the statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjectiveprobability. The probability that a newborn kitten is a male is12.41)A)empirical probabilityB)subjective probabilityC)classical probabilityAnswer:C42)The ______________ probability of an outcome is a probability based on personal judgment.42)A)EmpiricalB)ConditionalC)SubjectiveD)ClassicalAnswer:C43)The ______________ probability of an outcome is obtained by dividing the frequency of occurrenceof an event by the number of trials of the experiment.43)A)EmpiricalB)ClassicalC)SubjectiveD)ConditionalAnswer:A44)The ______________ probability of an outcome is obtained by dividing the number of ways anevent can occur by the number of possible outcomes.44)A)ClassicalB)EmpiricalC)SubjectiveD)ConditionalAnswer:A7

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Solve the problem.45)(a) Roll a pair of dice 40 times, recording the sum each time. Use your results toapproximate the probability of getting a sum of 8.(b) Roll a pair of dice 100 times, recording the sum each time. Use your results toapproximate the probability of getting a sum of 8.Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using theclassical method.Which answer was closer to the probability that would be obtained using the classicalmethod? Is this what you would expect?45)Answer:Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary. Using the classical method, the probability ofgetting a sum of 8 is536.In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, thecloser the empirical probability should get to the classical probability.46)(a) Simulate the experiment of sampling 100 four-child families to estimate the probabilitythat a four-child family has three girls. Assume that the outcomes "have a girl" and "have aboy" are equally likely.(b) Simulate the experiment of sampling 1000 four-child families to estimate theprobability that a four-child family has three girls. Assume that the outcomes "have a girl"and "have a boy" are equally likely.The classical probability that a four-child family has three girls is14.Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using theclassical method.Which answer was closer to the probability that would be obtained using the classicalmethod? Is this what you would expect?46)Answer:Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary.The answer in part (b) is likely to be closer to the classical probability of14.In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, thecloser the empirical probability should get to the classical probability.8

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47)(a) Use a graphing calculator or statistical software to simulate drawing a card from astandard deck 100 times (with replacement of the card after each draw). Use an integerdistribution with numbers 1 through 4 and use the results of the simulation to estimate theprobability of getting a spade when a card is drawn from a standard deck.(b) Simulate drawing a card from a standard deck 400 times (with replacement of the cardafter each draw). Estimate the probability of getting a spade when a card is drawn from astandard deck.Compare the results of (a) and (b) to the probability that would be obtained using theclassical method.Which simulation resulted in the closest estimate to the probability that would be obtainedusing the classical method? Is this what you would expect?47)Answer:Answers to parts (a) and (b) will vary.The answer in part (b) is likely to be closer to the classical probability of14.In general, as the number of repetitions of a probability experiment increases, thecloser the empirical probability should get to the classical probability.MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.48)A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment isS={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}.Let eventA={4,5,6,7}and eventB={10,11,12}.Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A and B. Are A and B mutuallyexclusive?48)A){4,5,6,7,10,11,12}; noB){4,5,6,7,10,11,12}; yesC){ }; yesD){ }; noAnswer:C49)The events A and B are mutually exclusive. If P(A)=0.7and P(B)=0.1, what is P(A or B)?49)A)0.07B)0C)0.6D)0.8Answer:D50)The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random,find the probability of getting someone who is a regular or heavy drinker. Round your answer tothree decimal places.SexNon-drinkerRegular DrinkerHeavy DrinkerTotalMan135555195Woman187219217Total322761441250)A)0.711B)0.259C)0.155D)0.218Answer:D51)The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random,find the probability of getting someone who is a man or a woman. Round your answer to threedecimal places.SexNon-drinkerRegular DrinkerHeavy DrinkerTotalMan135595199Woman1872114222Total322801942151)A)0.917B)0.765C)0.235D)1Answer:D9

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52)The table lists the drinking habits of a group of college students. If a student is chosen at random,find the probability of getting someone who is a non-drinker. Round your answer to three decimalplaces.SexNon-drinkerRegular DrinkerHeavy DrinkerTotalMan135575197Woman1872113221Total322781841852)A)0.770B)0.230C)1D)0.919Answer:A53)The distribution of Bachelor's degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Assume that astudent majors in only one subject. What is the probability that a randomly selected student with aBachelor's degree majored in Physics or Philosophy? Round your answer to three decimal places.MajorFrequencyPhysics228Philosophy208Engineering86Business176Chemistry22253)A)0.474B)0.226C)0.526D)0.248Answer:A54)The distribution of Bachelor's degrees conferred by a university is listed in the table. Assume that astudent majors in only one subject. What is the probability that a randomly selected student with aBachelor's degree majored in Business, Chemistry or Engineering? Round your answer to threedecimal places.MajorFrequencyPhysics216Philosophy207Engineering86Business180Chemistry22754)A)0.342B)0.538C)0.462D)0.290Answer:B55)A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card isa picture card.55)A)413B)813C)113D)313Answer:D56)If two events have no outcomes in common they are said to be56)A)At oddsB)IndependentC)DisjointD)ConditionalAnswer:C57)True or False: Mutually exclusive events are not disjoint events.57)A)TrueB)FalseAnswer:B10

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58)The table below shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and recording thenumber rolled. Are the events A={ roll an odd number } and B={roll a number less than or equalto two} disjoint?Roll123456Probability0.220.100.180.120.180.2058)A)NoB)YesAnswer:A59)In the game of craps, two dice are tossed and the up faces are totaled. Is the event getting a total of9 and one of the dice showing a 6 mutually exclusive? Answer Yes or No.59)A)YesB)NoAnswer:B60)Using a standard deck of 52 playing cards are the events of getting an ace and getting a jack on thecard drawn mutually exclusive? Answer Yes or No.60)A)NoB)YesAnswer:B61)The below table shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and noting the upface. What is the probability of getting an odd up face?Roll123456Probability0.220.100.180.120.180.2061)A)0.50B)0.42C)0.55D)0.58Answer:D62)In the game of craps two dice are rolled and the up faces are totaled. If the person rolling the diceon the first roll rolls a 7 or an 11 total they win. If they roll a 2, 3, or 12 on the first roll they lose. Ifthey roll any other total then on subsequent rolls they must roll that total before rolling a 7 to win.What is the probability of winning on the first roll?62)A)0.50B)0.06C)0.22D)0.17Answer:C63)A probability experiment is conducted in which the sample space of the experiment isS={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}.Let eventA={6,7,8,9}and eventB={8,9,10,11,12}.Assume that each outcome is equally likely. List the outcomes in A and B. AreA and B mutually exclusive?63)A){8,9}; yesB){6,7,8,9,10,11,12}; noC){8,9}; noD){6,7,8,9,10,11,12}; yesAnswer:C11

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70)One hundred people were asked, "Do you favor stronger laws on gun control?" Of the 33 thatanswered "yes" to the question, 14 were male. Of the 67 that answered "no" to the question, six weremale. If one person is selected at random, what is the probability that this person answered "yes" orwas a male? Round the the nearest hundredth.70)A)0.13B)0.39C)0.67D)0.53Answer:B71)The below table shows the probabilities generated by rolling one die 50 times and noting the upface. What is the probability of getting an odd up face and a two or less? Round the the nearesthundredth.Roll123456Probability0.220.100.180.120.180.2071)A)0.90B)0.32C)0.66D)0.68Answer:D72)You roll two dice and total the up faces. What is the probability of getting a total of 8 or two upfaces that are the same? Round the the nearest hundredth.72)A)0.28B)0.50C)0.31D)0.33Answer:A73)Consider the data in the table shown which represents the marital status of males and females 18years or older in the United States in 2003. Determine the probability that a randomly selected U.S.resident 18 years or older is divorced or a male? Round to the nearest hundredth.Males(in millions)Females(in millions)Total(in millions)Never married28.623.351.9Married62.162.8124.9Widowed2.711.314.0Divorced9.012.721.7Total (in millions)102.4110.1212.5Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population reports73)A)0.54B)0.50C)0.04D)0.58Answer:A74)If one card is drawn from a standard 52 card playing deck, determine the probability of getting aten, a king or a diamond. Round to the nearest hundredth.74)A)0.40B)0.29C)0.37D)0.31Answer:C75)If one card is drawn from a standard 52 card playing deck, determine the probability of getting ajack, a three, a club or a diamond. Round to the nearest hundredth.75)A)0.50B)0.15C)0.58D)0.65Answer:C13

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89)The following Venn diagram is for the six sample points possible when rolling a fair die. Let A bethe event rolling an even number and let B be the event rolling a number greater than 1. Which ofthe following events describes the event rolling a 1?89)A)A1BB)AcC)BD)BcAnswer:D90)True or False: P(E)+P(Ec)>190)A)TrueB)FalseAnswer:B91)The complement of 4 heads in the toss of 4 coins is91)A)Three headsB)Exactly one tailC)All tailsD)At least one tailAnswer:D92)A game has three outcomes. The probability of a win is 0.4, the probability of tie is 0.5, and theprobability of a loss is 0.1. What is the probability of not winning in a single play of the game.92)A)0.6B)0.33C)0.5D)0.1Answer:AProvide an appropriate response.93)There are 30 chocolates in a box, all identically shaped. There are 11 filled with nuts, 10 filled withcaramel, and 9 are solid chocolate. You randomly select one piece, eat it, and then select a secondpiece. Is this an example of independence? Answer Yes or No.93)A)YesB)NoAnswer:B94)Numbered disks are placed in a box and one disk is selected at random. There are 6 red disksnumbered 1 through 6, and 7 yellow disks numbered 7 through 13. In an experiment a disk isselected, the number and color noted, replaced, and then a second disk is selected. Is this anexample of independence? Answer Yes or No.94)A)YesB)NoAnswer:A17

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