Government in America 17th Edition Test Bank

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1Introducing Government inAmericaMultiple-Choice QuestionsQuestions 1 and 2 refer to thefollowinggraph.Source:Authors’ analysis of 1972–2012 American National Election Studies data.1.Based on the graph, how didpolitical participation among 18-29 year olds and 65+year olds change between 1972 and 2012?a.The two groups were equally politically involved at that time.—Consider This:Younger Americans reported infrequently following politics at high levels around2000.b. Younger Americans grew more politically apathetic, and older Americans less so.

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c. Older Americans were more disenchanted with the government than youngerAmericans.d. Both older and younger Americans consider themselves highly politically engaged.Answer:bTopic:IntroductionLearning Objective:IntroductionPage Reference:3Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate2.Which of the following is a potential danger of lack of political interest?a.authoritarian governmentb. voting along party lines—Consider This: People who are disengaged from politicsoften do not vote at all.c. class divisiond. an uninformed citizenryAnswer:bTopic:IntroductionLearning Objective:IntroductionPage Reference:2-3Skill Level:Analyze ItDifficulty Level:DifficultQuestions 3 and 4 refer to thefollowinggraph.

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Surveys.3.Based on the graph, which of the followingstatements is accurate?a.A higher percentage of young people turned out to vote in 2008 than older people.b.The number of older people who vote fluctuates more than younger people.c.A higher percentage of older people vote in midterm elections than young people.d.Voter participation is not affected by the type of election.—Consider This: Forboth older and younger Americans, higher percentages vote in presidential thanmidterm elections.Answer:cTopic:IntroductionLearningObjective:IntroductionPage Reference:5Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate4.Which of the following reasons might explain the trend in the graph?a.Older people have more access to information than young people.b.Nomajor political candidates have paid attention to younger voters.c.Modern political issues have no effect on older people.—Consider This: Many ofthe same issues that drew older voters to the polls, like Social Security and Medicare,continue to be debated today.

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d.Young people haven’t lived in a time when most people paid attention to politics.Answer:dTopic:IntroductionLearning Objective:IntroductionPage Reference:4-5Skill Level:Analyze ItDifficulty Level:DifficultQuestions 5-7refer to the passage below.“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that fromthese honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the lastmeasure of full devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died invain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that governmentof the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”--Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 18635.According to the Gettysburg Address, who holds the power in ademocracy?a. soldiers—Consider This: Lincoln honored the soldiers who lost their livesdefending these ideals, but he asserts that all of the people have the power tocarryon America’s democracy.b. the peoplec. the presidentd. survivors of warAnswer:bTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice andthe challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate6.Howis “government by the people, for the people” practiced in the U.S.?a. a system that ensures freedom, justice, and peace to all citizens—Consider This:The term democracy is often used alongside other terms like freedom, justice, andpeace because citizens are involved in forming the government.b. a system that perpetuates the status quo and upholds the values of the party inpowerc. a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policyrepresents and responds to the public’s preferencesd. a system that grants a status of privilege to the most active and informed voters

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Answer:cTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate7.Which of the following is an accurate statement about democracy in the U.S.?a. The people have a direct role in governmental decision making.—Consider This:It would be incredibly inefficient if the entire population needed to vote on laws andpolicies anytime new statues were needed.b.The size of the population makes direct democracy impossible.c. Democracy has given way to dynastic rule in the U.S.d. Everyone’s interests are reflected in all laws passed by Congress.Answer:bTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Apply WhatYou KnowDifficulty Level:ModerateQuestions 8 and 9 refer to thefollowinggraph.How policymaking on economic inequality is shaped by patterns of political participation.

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Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Data on voter turnout and author’sanalysis of the 2012American National Election Study.8.Based on the graph, what is the relationship between income and politicalparticipation?a. People who earn lower incomes tend to vote in more than othersb. The middle class had the highest voter turnout in the 2012 election.—ConsiderThis: Middle class voters came out in greater numbers than lower income voters, butthey were outpaced by the nation’s highest earners.c. The nation’s highest earners had the highest voting percentages.d. There is no apparent correlation between income and participation.Answer:cTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:19Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate9.Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances inwhich the wealthy have influence over the government’s policy agenda that farexceeds what would be expected based on their numbers?a. citizen control of the agendab. effective participation—Consider This: Effective participation means that citizenshave equal means for political participation, but it does not refer to which groups ofpeople the government will most influence the policy agenda.c. enlightened understandingd. equality in votingAnswer:aTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:ModerateQuestions 10-12refer tothe passage below.“Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemenwish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at theprice of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others maytake; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

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--Patrick Henry, 177510.Which of the following democratic idealsdid Patrick Henry prioritize?a. individualism—Consider This: Individualism is the idea that people can advanceon their own; it is not directly related to freedom.b.natural rightsc. egalitarianismd. libertyAnswer:dTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:17Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Easy11.Which of the following best exemplifies Patrick Henry’s ideas?a. License plates inWashington, D.C. say, “No taxation without representation.”b. New Hampshire license platesthatsay, “Live Free or Die.”c.America neither has nor ever had laws of primogeniture.d. Thomas Jefferson’s statement that “all men are createdequal.”—Consider This:This is an example of egalitarianism more than liberty.Answer:bTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:17Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Moderate12.Which of the following statements about liberty is most accurate?a. The idea of liberty is deeply ingrained throughout U.S. history.b. Americans only began to understand liberty during the Red Scare.c. All Americans have similar ideas about what liberty entails.—Consider This:Americans are incredibly diverse, and have different ideas about what liberty meansand the freedoms to which people are entitled.d. Liberty is unrestrained in the United States.Answer:a

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Topic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Analyze ItDifficulty Level:Difficult13.What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectivelyknown as?a. political cultureb. the courtsc.governmentd.Congress—Consider This:Congress is one of the institutions that make publicpolicy decisions that influence how we live.Answer:cTopic:GovernmentLearning Objective:LO 1.1:Identify the key functions of government and explainwhy they matter.Page Reference:7Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy14.How does government usually protect its national sovereignty?a. by maintaining armed forcesb. by maintaining schools, libraries, hospitals, and highways—Consider This:Providing goods and services is an essential function of government, but it does notprotect national sovereignty.c.by collecting taxesd. by politically socializing the youngAnswer:aTopic:GovernmentLearning Objective:LO 1.1:Identify the key functions of government and explainwhy they matter.Page Reference:7Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Easy15.What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policiesthese leaderspursue?a. the media—Consider This:The media focuses on the wholeof this term, usuallythe candidates, voters, and parties.

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b. public opinionc. politicsd.public policyAnswer:cTopic:PoliticsLearning Objective:LO 1.2:Define politics in the context of democraticgovernment.Page Reference:8Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy16.The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political__________.a.ideologyb. participationc. party—Consider This:Individual citizens get involved in politics because theyunderstand that public policy choices made by governments affect them insignificant waysand joining a party is just one way to get involved.d. opinionsAnswer:bTopic:PoliticsLearning Objective:LO 1.2:Define politics in the context of democraticgovernment.Page Reference:9Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy17.How does our government respond to the priorities of its people?a. throughlinkage institutions—Consider This: While linkageinstitutions arechannelsthrough which people’s concerns reach policymakers,these institutions ontheir own do not address the priorities of the people because they do not createpolicy.b. through political sciencec.through political toleranced. through a policymaking systemAnswer:dTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:10Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate

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18.What best describes a linkage institution?a. a channel through which people’s concerns becomepart of thepolitical agendab. a location to express a political opinion—Consider This:Linkage institutionsprovide avenues for political participation and transmit Americans’ preferences topolicymakers.c. the formation of a special interest groupd. an environment where one learns about the political processAnswer:aTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:10Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy19.What makes up the government’s policy agenda?a.all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail—Consider This:Candidates are likely to campaign only on the issues that voters careabout, but theseissues may not be of national concern and so they may not appear on the policyagenda.b.the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials andotherpoliticalactorsc. the issuesthatare asked about onpublic opinion pollsd.the issues that concern single-issue interest groupsAnswer:bTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:11Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy20.What are policy impacts?a. issues that attract serious attention of public officials—Consider This:Translatingpeople'sdesires into effective public policy is the goal of public officials, andanalyzing the impact the policy has had determines whether the policy is effective.b. governmentinstitutions that arecharged with taking action on political issuesc. the effects that a policy has on people and on society’s problemsd. systems of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policyrepresents and responds to the public’s preferences

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Answer:cTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearningObjective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:12Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Easy21.What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?a.inclusion—Consider This: The government must extend rights of citizenship toall people subject to its laws. Voting is one of these rights.b. freedom ofspeech and of thepressc. one person, one voted.universalcitizenshipAnswer:cTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:13Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Moderate22.Whichprincipleassertsthat, in a democracy,policies should reflect the will of morethan half of the voters?a. enlightened ruleb. pluralism—Consider This: Pluralism emphasizes that all groups with sharedinterests have a voice in policymaking with no single group dominating.c. representationd. majority ruleAnswer:dTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:13Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate23.In the UnitedStates, pluralism suggests which of the following?

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a. Because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government hasbecome an elite institution.b. Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency.c. Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.d. Too many influential groups cripple government’s ability to govern.—ConsiderThis: Hyperpluralism suggests that the fragmented nature of our government, withoverlapping jurisdictions, finds itself serving too many group interests.Answer:cTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4: Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:14Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate24.Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines?a. pluralismb.policy gridlock—Consider This:The diversity of the American people is reflectedin the diversity of the interests represented in the political system. When interestsconflict and no majority exists, policy gridlock occurs.c. balance of powerd. elitismAnswer:dTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:16Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate25.Which theory argues that special interest groups haveessentiallybecome sovereign,and the government is merely their servant?a. pluralismb. hyperpluralismc.majority rule—Consider This: Majority rule says that the interests of the majoritymust be represented in government, but the government system is fragmented,making it difficult for the majority to be represented.d.federalismAnswer:b

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Topic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:15Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate26.What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough toform amajority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart thewill of the others?a.divided governmentb.Hyperpluralism—Consider This: Government is weakened because of theplethora of groups.c.policy gridlockd.separation of powersAnswer:cTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:16Skill Level:Remember the FactsDifficulty Level:Moderate27.Which of the followingrefers to aset of values widely shared within a society?a.governmentb.politics—Consider This: Democracy depends on the people to function, andshared values are essentialfor effective governance.c.public policyd.political cultureAnswer:dTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:16Skill Level:Remember theFactsDifficulty Level:Easy28.Preference forwhich of the followingeconomic policies helps to explainwhy theU.S. hasa smaller andmore limitedgovernmentthando mostother advancedindustrialized countries?

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a.laissez-faireb.populist—Consider This:Populism isn’t directly related to economic policies, butit does champion the political legitimacy of the “little people” over the elite.c.pluralistd.egalitarianAnswer:aTopic:Democracy in AmericaLearning Objective:LO 1.4:Identify the key principles of democracy and outlinetheories regarding how it works in practice and the challenges democracy facestoday.Page Reference:18Skill Level:Understand the ConceptsDifficulty Level:Moderate29.A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency areexamples of which of the following?a.collective action—Consider This: Congress passes laws and agencies adoptregulations in response to problems or political issues.b. red tapec. publicpoliciesd.government ruleAnswer:cTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:11Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Easy30.What is an example of a collective good?a. clean airb.medical carec. a college education—Consider This: A collective good is agood or serviceprovided by the governmentthat all receive and cannot be denied to anyone personor groups.By this definition, a college education is not a collective good.d. food stampsAnswer:aTopic:GovernmentLearning Objective:LO 1.1:Identify the key functions of government and explainwhy they matter.Page Reference:7

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Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Moderate31.From which of the following did thewithdrawal of American troops from Iraqresult?a. a regulationb. a budgetary choicec. acongressional statute—Consider This:Congress does have significant foreignand defense policymaking papers but determining troop movement and withdrawal,or say bombing ISIS targets, is usually conducted by the Executive branch.d. a presidential actionAnswer:dTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:11Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Moderate32.What kind of public policy involves thelegislative enactment of taxes andexpenditures?a. budgetary choiceb.regulationc. court decisiond.congressional statute—Consider This: A congressional statute refers to a lawpassed by Congress that impacts the public, such as the Affordable Care Act’srequirement to obtain health insurance.Answer:aTopic:The Policymaking SystemLearning Objective:LO 1.3:Assess how citizens can have an impact on publicpolicy and how policies can impact people.Page Reference:11Skill Level:Apply What You KnowDifficulty Level:Moderate33.What ispublic policy?a.all government decisionsb.the root causes ofpolitical culturec.the public’spolitical issues—Consider This: Public policies are responses topolitical issues, actions which address various problems.d.only legislation enacted by Congress

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