Introductory Statistics: A Problem Solving Approach Second Edition Test Bank

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Page11.When we are questioning a rare occurrence or claim and determine the outcome isreasonable we:A)disregard the lucky alternative and think something is wrong.B)question the claim.C)do not doubt the original claim.D)test again.2.When we are questioning a rare occurrence or claim and determine the experimentaloutcome is rare or extraordinary we:A)disregard the lucky alternative and think something is wrong.B)do not doubt the original claimC)decide there is no evidence to suggest the claim is false.D)test again.3.The first step in the process of questioning a rare occurrence is:A)claim.B)experiment.C)likelihood.D)conclusion.4.A crucialprevailing theme in this text is:A)knowing and understanding underlying formulas.B)correctly translating words into statistics.C)computation.D)statistical inference and decision making.5.In the four steps of statistical inference, theclaimis BEST described as:A)the experimental outcome.B)the likelihood of occurrence of the observed experimental outcome.C)the status quo—what we assume to be true.D)our natural reaction to an experimental outcome.6.The purpose of _____ is to quantify the normal, everyday deductive process.A)problem solvingB)experimentationC)statisticsD)inference

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Page27.In a(n) _____ we investigate the effects of certain conditions on individuals or objects inthe sample.A)statistical settingB)observational studyC)experimental studyD)population8.The _____ in this text is/are a prescriptive technique and visual aid for problem solving.A)Solution TrailB)four statistical inference stepsC)vision or strategyD)technology9.The four technology tools presented in this text are the TI-84 Plus C calculator, Excel2013, Minitab, andA)SPSS.B)CrunchIt.C)JMP.D)R.

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Page3Answer Key1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.C7.C8.A9.B

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Page11.In 2004, the San Francisco police began using DNA evidence in unsolved homicides.The crime lab found evidence that suggested John Puckett was a DNA match for acrime committed three decades earlier, based on 51/2genetic locations.Usually 13genetic markers are used to distinguish between two different people.Jurors were toldthat the chance of randomly finding the defendant's DNA profile at the crime scene was1 in 1.1 million. The jurors found the DNA evidence compelling and convicted Puckettof first-degree murder.This conclusion is an example of:A)relative frequency and probability.B)summary statistics.C)probability and odds.D)statistical likelihood andinference.2.Descriptive statistics may be BEST defined as:A)techniques and methods used to analyze a small, specific set of data in order todraw a conclusion about a large, more general collection of data.B)graphical and numerical methods used to describe, organize, and summarize astatistically valid conclusion.C)graphical and numerical methods used to describe, organize, and summarize data.D)techniques and methods used to analyze a small data set in order to describe itsusefulness in making general statements about a population.3.Inferential statistics may be BEST defined as:A)techniques and methods used to analyze a small, specific set of data in order todraw a conclusion about a large, more general collection of data.B)graphical and numerical methods used to describe, organize, and summarize astatistically valid conclusion.C)graphical and numerical methods used to describe, organize, and summarize data.D)techniques and methods used to analyze a small data set to make inferenceconcerning its accuracy.4.In a study of crop rotation techniques, agricultural researchers are interested in makinggeneral statements concerning the effectiveness of a given technique for all corn fieldsin the state of Kansas.Using a cluster technique, they randomly choose 30 farms fromacross the state for their study.Some of the chosen farms are randomly selected to usethe rotation technique whereas others are not.In this study, thepopulationis bestdescribed as:A)30 farms chosen from across the state.B)all corn fields in the state of Kansas.C)the effectiveness of crop rotation.D)whether the rotation technique was used or not.

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Page25.The effect of different lighting levels on productivity is evaluated using a designedexperiment. Two hundred office workers who have the same basic job assignments arerandomly selected to participate.Each worker is randomly assigned a different lightinglevel at his or her desk.Ambient (background) lighting is held constant for all workers.A benchmark of productivity is recorded for each worker.In this study, thesampleisbest described as:A)200 office workers.B)the different lighting levels.C)the amount of productivity.D)all office workers with similar job assignments.6.Mice are given a protein injection that is designed to promote physical growth. Fiftymice are randomly selected for evaluation in the study.Some of the mice are injectedwith high levels of the protein, some with low levels, and a third group receives aplacebo (saline injection).The amount of growth of the mice is recorded andcompared.In this study, thevariableis best described as:A)50 randomly selected mice.B)all mice that receive a protein injection.C)the type of protein used.D)the amount of protein injected.7.In a(n) _____, we merely observe the response for a specific variable for each individualor object.A)statistical settingB)observational studyC)experimental studyD)population8.In a(n) _____, we investigate the effects of certain conditions on individuals or objectsin the sample.A)statistical settingB)observational studyC)experimental studyD)population9.A _____ sample has characteristics similar to those of the entire population andtherefore can be used to draw a conclusion about the (general) population.A)generalB)descriptiveC)statisticalD)representative

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Page310.A behavioral scientist wishes to know more about the walking habits of universitystudents across a particular campus sidewalk.She positions herself out of sight of thestudents who are walking and records the time required for several of them to passbetween two fixed points along the sidewalk.This study is best described as a(n)_____ study.A)observationalB)educationalC)experimentalD)scientific11.Electrical engineers are attempting to maximize the efficiency of an experimentalbattery cell.They wish to determine the optimum charge rate that will providemaximum battery capacity.They sample 50 cells and randomly assign five differentcharge rates to the sample (10 cells for each charge rate).All cells are then dischargedat the same rate with total battery capacity for each cell recorded in amp-hours.This isan example of a(n) _____ study.A)simple randomB)experimentalC)observationalD)probability12.Electrical engineers are attempting to maximize the efficiency of an experimentalbattery cell.They wish to determine the optimum charge rate that will providemaximum battery capacity.They sample 50 cells and randomly assign five differentcharge rates to the sample (10 cells for each charge rate).All cells are then dischargedat the same rate with total capacity recorded in amp-hours.Thevariablein thisexperiment is:A)all experimental battery cells.B)the different charge rates.C)the total capacity recorded in amp-hours.D)the 50 sampled cells.

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Page413.A psychologist wishes to test a behavioral modification therapy that is claimed toimprove the behavior of pre-teen autistic children.She randomly selects 20 pre-teenautistic children and exposes half of the group to the behavioral modification therapywhile the other half continue with their standard treatment regimen.A standardizedbehavioral test is administered to each child both before and after his/her respectivetreatment.Thepopulationin this experiment is:A)all pre-teen autistic children.B)the behavioral modification therapy.C)the standardized behavioral test scores.D)the 20 selected pre-teen autistic children.14.Nuclear power plants must discharge the excess heat generated in the nuclear process tothe environment.Some plants exhaust this heat to nearby water sources.There isconcern that this “thermal pollution” has an adverse effect on aquatic life near the plant.The EPA catches 100 fish from the discharge pond of a particular power plant.Theytrack the growth rates and life span of these fish and compare them to fish from similarstreams whose temperatures are not affected by the plant's thermal effluent.Thesamplein this experiment is:A)all nuclear power plants.B)the selected nuclear power plant.C)all fish in the discharge path.D)the 100 fish caught by the EPA.15.A sample of five people is analyzed to make a general statement concerning thepopulation from which the people were sampled.This is an example of using:A)inferential statistics.B)descriptive statistics.C)simple random sampling analysis.D)inferential random sampling analysis.16.A group of 20 monitor lizards is observed over the course of the lizards' life spans.Thetotal food consumption of each lizard is recorded and displayed on a bar graph.Thispresentation of raw information in a more user-friendly format is an example of:A)inferential statistics.B)simple random sampling.C)pictorial statistics.D)descriptive statistics.

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Page517.Two thousand people are surveyed and asked to indicate on a scale of 1 to 5 theirpreference for a particular brand of liquid dishwashing detergent.The responses aresummarized using a bar graph that displays the total counts of each response (1 to 5).This is an example of:A)inferential statistics.B)simple random sampling.C)pictorial statistics.D)descriptive statistics.18.In September of 2000 the United Nations adopted an initiative known as the UNMillennium Declaration.The goal was to take active steps in eliminating poverty,HIV/AIDS, hunger, and other global issues adversely affecting humanity by 2015.TheUN consistently tracks each country's progress by recording data on numerous markersthat provide an indication of compliance with these “Millennium Development Goals.”The data for each country is summarized by year in tabular format.The organization ofthis rawdata into a more user-friendly table format is an example of:(See: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/stats.shtml)A)inferential statistics.B)the scientific method.C)descriptive statistics.D)population statistics.19.A random sample of 10 cars is analyzed to evaluate the effect of installing a computerchip modification on a vehicle's horsepower.Based on the sample, researchersconclude that there is a significant increase in vehicle horsepower associated with thecomputer chip.This is an example of:A)inferential statistics.B)the scientific method.C)descriptive statistics.D)population statistics.20.In a(n) _____ problem, certain characteristics of a population are assumed known.Wethen answer questions concerning a sample from that population.A)statistical inferenceB)inferential statisticalC)probabilityD)statistics

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Page621.In a _____ problem, we assume very little about a population.We use the informationabout a sample to answer questions concerning the population.A)statistically determinedB)statistical differentialC)probabilityD)statistics22.In many real-world settings, it is not possible or feasible to know the characteristics ofthe population.Since we cannot safely assume these characteristics, we must use theinformation from a sample to answer questions concerning the population.In casessuch as these, we are dealing with a(n) _____ problem.A)probabilityB)underdeterminedC)statisticsD)reality23.We know that our population consists of equally likely numbers 1 to 6 inclusive (inother words, we know everything about the population).We wish to answer questionsconcerning a sample of two distinct numbers from this population.This is BESTdescribed as a _____ problem.A)probabilityB)statisticsC)majorD)None of the above24.A major pharmaceutical company is conducting clinical trials on a new drug they wantto bring to market.They survey 2000 people who have a particular condition that thedrug is designed to treat.A portion of the people surveyed receive a high dose of thedrug, a portion of the people surveyed receive a medium dose of the drug, and theremaining portion of the people surveyed receive a placebo (sugar pill).Thevariablein this experiment is:A)the 2000 people surveyed.B)all people with the condition that the drug is intended to treat.C)the dosage of drug administered to each person.D)the placebo (sugar pill).

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Page725.A quality control engineer oversees the production of rubber seals for aircraftmanufacturing.In a standard production run, 25 seals are randomly selected fordestructive testing.The seals are physically stressed to their common design limitwhile exposed to increasing temperature.Of interest is the temperature at which theseal fails.Thevariablein this experiment is:A)the 25 seals selected.B)the common design stress to which each seal is exposed.C)the temperature to which each seal is exposed.D)all manufactured rubber seals.26.Lenders base the eligibility of home loans on a perspective borrower's credit score.Recent failures of lending corporations have prompted study into the adherence oflenders in general to these lending guidelines. Two thousand home loans extendedbetween the years 1995 and 2005 were randomly selected for audit.The borrower'scredit score was recorded and compared with the normal benchmark for the loanoffered.Thepopulationin this study is:A)the 2000 randomly selected home loans.B)all home loans extended between 1995 and 2005.C)the credit score of each loan selected.D)all lending agencies that offer home loans.27.A _____ of sizenis a sample selected in such a way that every possible sample of sizenhas the same chance of being selected.A)circular random sampleB)simple random sampleC)systematic random sampleD)synchronized random sample28.In a statistical inference procedure, theclaimis BEST described as a statement:A)of what experimental process will be used in the inference.B)that we will only accept as valid with sufficient proof.C)that we want to be true regardless of the evidence.D)of what we assume to be true.29.An experiment that simply records the direction a rat turns at a particular junction in amaze is a(n) _____ study.A)observationalB)longitudinalC)experimentalD)None of the above

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Page830.An experiment that forces rats to take a particular direction at a junction in a maze andthen observes the differences in times between the rats that went left to those who wentright is a(n) _____ study.A)observationalB)longitudinalC)experimentalD)None of the above31.The time required to cure concrete is pivotal in the construction business.Insufficientcuring time results in lower structural strength, which can create hazardous designconditions.Too much time wastes valuable resources and may result in greatly inflatedbuilding costs.To help ascertain the optimum curing time, a random sample of 80poured concrete foundations is drawn.The total time to completely cure eachfoundation is recorded.This study is BEST described as a(n) _____ study.A)observationalB)longitudinalC)experimentalD)inferential32.State highway safety experts claim that the recent rise in highway fatalities involvingtractor trailers is a result of truckers receiving insufficient rest.They randomly sample200 truckers who are on interstate deliveries and record the total amount of non-drivingtime they have had over the past 72 hours.This study is BEST described as a(n) _____study.A)observationalB)longitudinalC)experimentalD)inferential33.A professor wishes to record information on some of his students for later use.Hearrives to class early and samples the first five students that enter the room.Is this asimple random sample of size 5?A)yesB)noC)It depends on the information the professor seeks from the students.D)More information is needed to answer the question.

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Page934.An office manager wishes to survey 5 of her 20 employees for whom she is responsible.She assigns each of the 20 employees a number and writes the number on 20 identicalbut separate pieces of paper.She places the 20 paper pieces in a hat, mixes them up,and then blindly draws five numbers to determine which five employees are included inthe sample.If the slips of paper are identical and the selection of each is blind, is this asimple random sample of size 5?A)yesB)noC)It depends on the information the manager seeks from the employees.D)More information is needed to answer the question.35.A researcher wishes to obtain information about American males in the metro areabetween the ages of 20 and 25.He has a phone book that contains the land line phonenumbers of households in the metro area.He uses a random number generator to select50 households to call.Bearing in mind he will only be contacting people who have aland line, is this a simple random sample?A)yesB)noC)It depends on the information the researcher seeks from those surveyed.D)More information is needed to answer the question.36.A clinical nurse supervisor (CNS) is designing an experiment that will evaluate theeffectiveness of household pets in treating depression.Using computer software, shegenerates a list of 200 people.In the sampling process, every possible sample in thepopulation of size 200 has the same chance of being selected.Is this a simple randomsample?A)yesB)noC)It depends on the information the CNS seeks from the people.D)More information is needed to answer the question.37.In a study that seeks to evaluate the effect caffeine has on narcoleptics, 40 narcolepticpatients are randomly selected to participate.Fifteen of the patients are given highdoses of caffeine, 15 are given moderate doses, and 10 are given low doses over aperiod of 30 days.The total amount of time they slept over the 30 days was recorded.This is BEST described as a(n) _____ study.A)voluntaryB)observationalC)dosageD)experimental

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Page1038.In a study that seeks to evaluate the effect caffeine has on narcoleptics, 40 narcolepticpatients are randomly selected to participate in the study.Fifteen of the patients aregiven high doses of caffeine, 15 are given moderate doses, and 10 are given low dosesover a period of 30 days.Thevariablein this study is the:A)40 narcoleptic patients.B)period of 30 days.C)dosage of caffeine administered.D)sample size used.39.To evaluate the objectivity of a certain professor's grading, 20 classes that shepreviously taught are randomly selected for auditing.The proportion of male studentsthat pass in each class is compared to the proportion of female students for each selectedclass.Thesamplein this study is:A)the comparison of male and female passing rates for the classes.B)the proportion of all males that passed and the proportion of all females thatpassed.C)the 20 selected classes.D)a single selected class.40.An artist mass-produces sculptures that are claimed to be 99% identical.To test thisclaim, 50 of the artist's sculptures are selected from a local retail store.The sculpturesare analyzed for any eccentricities.Thepopulationin this study is:A)the artist's statement that the sculptures are 99% identical.B)the 50 sculptures selected.C)the analysis conducted for similarity.D)all sculptures that this artist produces.41.Which of the following is a good estimate of the probability of lung cancer for a typicalAmerican adult?A)the incidence of lung cancer among U.S. adultsB)the average number of U.S. adults who died from lung cancer in 2013C)the relative frequency of lung cancer among U.S. adultsD)All of the above

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Page1142.During July 2007, theNational Association of College and Employers reported anincrease in the average starting salaries of trades related to engineering.Offers tostudents awarded a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering rose 5.4% to an averageof $59,361, and starting salaries for students awarded a bachelor's degree in computerengineering rose 4.8% to an average of $56,201.The numbers in this case are anexample of:A)relative frequency and probability.B)summary statistics.C)probability and odds.D)statistical likelihood and inference.43.Ten apples are taken off the top of a truckload of apples, and the amount of bruising onthose apples is measured in order to estimate how much bruising there is, on average, inthe whole truckload.Is this a simple random sample?A)yesB)noC)It depends on whether the apples were in a clump or from across the top of thetruck.D)More information is needed to answer the question.44.The registrar at a small liberal arts college computes description summaries for allmembers of the entering class on a regular basis.For example, the average high schoolGPA for the entering students in the most recent year was 3.16.The Chemistrydepartment is interested in helping all students who wish to take a chemistry classidentify the appropriate course, so they offer a placement exam. They randomly select asubset of 175 students who took this exam during the past decade, and found they hadanaverage score on the exam of 71.05. Thepopulationof interest to the Chemistrydepartmentin this study is:A)the 175 selected students who took this exam during the past decade.B)all entering students during the most recent year.C)all entering students during the past decade.D)all students who took the chemistry placement exam during the past decade.

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Page1245.The registrar at a small liberal arts college computes description summaries for allmembers of the entering class on a regular basis.For example, the average high schoolGPA for the entering students in the most recent year was 3.16.The Chemistrydepartment is interested in helping all students who wish to take a chemistry classidentify the appropriate course, so they offer a placement exam. They randomly select asubset of 175 students who took this exam during the past decade, and found they hadanaverage score on the exam of 71.05. Thevariableof interest to the Chemistrydepartmentin this study is the:A)175 selected students who took this exam during the past decade.B)students' scores on the placement examC)average score on the placement exam.D)GPA of the 175 students who took the placement exam.46.Consider the population of the approximately 25,000 protein-coding genes in humanDNA.Suppose each gene is assigned a number from 1 to 25,000 and computersoftware then used to randomly select 100 of these numbers, yielding a sample of 100genes.Would this be a simple random sample?A)yesB)noC)The sample size is too small to tell.D)More information is needed to answer the question.47.A volleyball coach records information about each serve in one game in order todetermine in general, if a player using a jump serve rather than a standard overhandserve is more likely to lead to winning a point. This is an example of using:A)inferential statistics.B)descriptive statistics.C)simple random sampling analysis.D)inferential random sampling analysis.48.The 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health selected a random sample of U.S.college students and asked them about illicit drug use.Roughly 23% of the studentssurveyed reported using illicit drugs in the past year. Thepopulationin this study is:A)U.S. college students.B)the 23% of the students who reported using illicit drugs.C)the college students who responded to the National Survey on Drug Use andHealth.D)all U.S. adults.

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