Princeton Review AP Environmental Science Prep, 2023: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review (2022)

Name: Princeton Review AP Environmental Science Prep, 2023: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review (2022)
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Prepare for success with Princeton Review AP Environmental Science Prep, 2023: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review (2022), a comprehensive guide to your certification test.

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ISBN 9780593450789
Ebook ISBN 9780593451113
AP is a trademark registered and owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and
does not endorse, this product.
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The material in this book is up-to-date at the time of publication. However, changes may have
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If there are any important late-breaking developments, changes, or corrections to the
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Contents
Get More (Free) Content
Part I: Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score
Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations
Your Guide to Using This Book
How to Begin
Part II: Practice Test 1
Practice Test 1
Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Answer Key and Explanations
How to Score Practice Test 1
Part III: About the AP Environmental Science Exam
The Structure of the AP Environmental Science Exam
How the AP Environmental Science Exam Is Scored
Overview of Course Units
How AP Exams Are Used
Other Resources
Designing Your Study Plan
Part IV: Test-Taking Strategies for the AP
Environmental Science Exam
1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions
2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions

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3 Using Time Effectively to Maximize Points
Part V: Content Review for the AP Environmental
Science Exam
4 Units 1 and 2: The Living World: Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Ecosystems
Evolution
The World’s Ecosystems
Cycles in Nature
Food Chains and Food Webs
Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services
Chapter 4 Key Terms
Chapter 4 Drill
5 Unit 3: Populations
Terms Used to Describe Populations
Population Growth
Human Populations
The Impact of Humans on Human Populations
Chapter 5 Key Terms
Chapter 5 Drill
6 Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources
Welcome to Planet Earth
Soil
The Atmosphere
The Hydrosphere
Chapter 6 Key Terms
Chapter 6 Drill

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7 Unit 5: Land and Water Use
Share and Share Alike?
Agriculture
Forest Resources
Water Use
Ocean Resources
Mining
Housing and Community
Economics and Resource Utilization
The Importance of Being Sustainable
Chapter 7 Key Terms
Chapter 7 Drill
8 Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption
Units of Energy
Nonrenewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Energy Conservation: A Final Note
Chapter 8 Key Terms
Chapter 8 Drill
9 Units 7 and 8: Pollution
Toxicity and Health
Air Pollution
Thermal Pollution
Water Pollution
Solid Waste (Garbage)
Hazardous Waste
Noise Pollution
Chapter 9 Key Terms

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Chapter 9 Drill
10 Unit 9: Global Change
The Greenhouse Effect
Climate Change
Human Impacts on Biodiversity
What Can We Do About It?
Avenues to Environmental Progress
Chapter 10 Key Terms
Chapter 10 Drill
11 AP Environmental Science in the Lab
A Sample Free-Response Question Involving a Lab
Some Common AP Environmental Science Labs
12 Glossary
13 Chapter Drills: Answers and Explanations
Part VI: Practice Tests
Practice Test 2
Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations
Practice Test 3
Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations

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Contact TPRStudentTech@review.com and provide:
your full name
email address used to register the book
full book title and ISBN
Operating system (Mac/PC) and browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari,
etc.)
Once you’ve registered, you can…
Get our take on any recent or pending updates to the AP
Environmental Science Exam
Take a full-length practice SAT and/or ACT
Get valuable advice about the college application process,
including tips for writing a great essay and where to apply for
financial aid
If you’re still choosing between colleges, use our searchable
rankings of The Best 388 Colleges to find out more information
about your dream school.
Access comprehensive study guides and a variety of printable
resources, including Key Terms lists
Check to see whether there have been any corrections or updates
to this edition
Look For These Icons Throughout The
Book

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PREVIEW: YOUR KNOWLEDGE, YOUR
EXPECTATIONS
Your route to a high score on the AP Environmental Science Exam depends a
lot on how you plan to use this book. Respond to the following questions:
1. Rate your level of confidence about your knowledge of the content tested
by the AP Environmental Science Exam.
A. Very confident—I know it all
B. I’m pretty confident, but there are topics for which I could use help
C. Not confident—I need quite a bit of support
D. I’m not sure
2. Choose your goal score for the AP Environmental Science Exam.
5 4 3 2 1 I’m not sure yet
3. What do you expect to learn from this book? Choose all that apply to
you.
A. A general overview of the test and what to expect
B. Strategies for how to approach the test
C. The content tested by this exam
D. I’m not sure yet
YOUR GUIDE TO USING THIS BOOK
This book is organized to provide as much—or as little—support as you
need, so you can use this book in whatever way will be most helpful to
improving your score on the AP Environmental Science Exam. Please note
that this book should be used in conjunction with your AP course textbook.
The remainder of Part I will provide guidance on how to use this book
and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses.
Part II of this book contains your first practice test, the Diagnostic
Answer Key, answers and explanations, and a scoring guide. (Bubble

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sheets can be found online for easy printing.) This is where you should
begin your test preparation in order to realistically determine:
your starting point right now
which question types you’re ready for and which you might need to
practice
which content topics you are familiar with and which you will want
to carefully review
Once you have nailed down your strengths and weaknesses with regard
to this exam, you can focus your test preparation, build a study plan, and
be efficient with your time. Our Diagnostic Answer Key will assist you
with this process.
Part III of this book will:
provide information about the structure, scoring, and content of the
AP Environmental Science Exam
help you make a study plan
point you toward additional resources
Part IV of this book will explore the following strategies:
how to attack multiple-choice questions
how to approach free-response questions
how to manage your time to maximize the number of points
available to you
Part V of this book covers the content you need to know for the AP
Environmental Science Exam.
Part VI of this book contains Practice Test 2 and Practice Test 3, with
answers and explanations and a scoring guide. (Bubble sheets can be
found online for easy printing.) If you skipped Practice Test 1, we
recommend that you do all three tests (with at least a day or two between
them) so that you can compare your progress between the three.
Additionally, this will help to identify any external issues. If you get a

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certain type of question wrong all three times, you probably need to
review it. If you only got it wrong once, you may have run out of time or
been distracted by something. In either case, this will allow you to focus
on the factors that caused the discrepancy in scores and to be as prepared
as possible on the day of the test.
Want More?
Check out your online Student Tools for some great
ways to extend your prep, including study guides.
Step-by-step instructions for your Student Tools can
be found on the Get More (Free) Content page at
the beginning of this book.
HOW TO BEGIN
1. Take a Test
Before you can decide how to use this book, you need to take a practice
test. Doing so will give you insight into your strengths and weaknesses
and help you make an effective study plan. If you’re feeling test-phobic,
remind yourself that a practice test is a tool for diagnosing yourself—
it’s not how well you do that matters, but how you use information
gleaned from your performance to guide your preparation.
So, before you read further, take Practice Test 1 starting on this page of
this book. Be sure to do so in one sitting, following the instructions that
appear before the test.
2. Check Your Answers
Using the Diagnostic Answer Key on this page, follow our three-step
process to identify your strengths and weaknesses with regard to the
tested topics. This will help you determine which content review
chapters to prioritize when studying this book. Don’t worry about the
explanations for now, and don’t worry about missed questions. We’ll
get to that soon.

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3. Reflect on the Test
After you take your first test, respond to the following questions:
How much time did you spend on the multiple-choice questions?
How much time did you spend on each free-response question?
How many multiple-choice questions did you miss?
Do you feel you had the knowledge to address the subject matter of
the free-response questions?
Check the content areas that were most challenging for you and
draw a line through the ones in which you felt confident/did well.
Geological eras
Atmosphere
Soil dynamics
Population
Pollution (specifically solid waste, acid rain, ozone depletion,
and thermal pollution)
Water conservation
Conservation and economic impact
Interpreting charts and graphs
Interpreting experimental data
Analyzing experiments and experimental reasoning
Ecosystems and biodiversity
Biogeochemical cycles
Global climate change
Environmental regulation and international treaties
Energy resources and consumption
Energy science
Mining
Bonus Tips and Tricks…

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test taking tips and must-know strategies at
www.youtube.com/c/ThePrincetonReview/videos.
4. Read Part III of this Book and Complete the Self-Evaluation
As discussed in the Guide section above, Part III will provide
information on how the test is structured and scored. It will also outline
areas of content that are tested.
As you read Part III, re-evaluate your answers to the questions you just
answered. At the end of Part III, you will revisit and refine your
answers to the previous questions. You will then be able to make a
study plan, based on your needs and available time, that will allow you
to use this book most effectively.
5. Engage with Parts IV and V as Needed
Notice the word engage. You’ll get more out of this book if you use it
intentionally than if you read it passively, hoping for an improved score
through osmosis.
Strategy chapters will help you think about your approach to the
question types on this exam. Part IV will open with a reminder to think
about how you approach questions now, and then close with a reflection
section asking you to think about how/whether you will change your
approach in the future.
Content chapters are designed to provide a review of the content tested
on the AP Environmental Science Exam, including the level of detail
you need to know and how the content is tested. You will have the
opportunity to assess your mastery of the content of each chapter
through test-appropriate questions and a reflection section.
6. Take Practice Tests 2 and 3. Assess Your Performance
Once you feel you have developed the strategies you need and gained
the knowledge you lacked, you should take Practice Test 2 and then

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Practice Test 3. Take each test in one sitting, with maybe a day or two
in between.
When you are done, check your answers to the multiple-choice sections.
See if a teacher will read your responses to the free-response questions
and provide feedback.
Once you have taken the test, reflect on what areas you still need to
work on, and revisit the chapters in this book that address those
deficiencies. Through this type of reflection and engagement, you will
continue to improve.
7. Keep Working
As Part III will discuss, there are other resources available to you,
including a wealth of information on AP Students. You can continue to
explore areas where you can stand to improve and to engage in those
areas right up to the day of the test.
AP Students
Check out the College Board’s homepage for more
information about the updated exam at
apstudents.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-
environmental-science

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Section I
The Exam
AP® Environmental Science Exam
SECTION I: Multiple-Choice Questions
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
At a Glance
Total Time
1 hour and 30 minutes
Number of Questions
80
Percent of Total Grade
60%
Writing Instrument
Pencil required
Instructions
Section I of this examination contains 80 multiple-choice questions. Fill in
only the ovals for numbers 1 through 80 on your answer sheet.
Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer
sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but
you may use the booklet for notes or scratch work. After you have decided
which of the suggested answers is best, completely fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you
change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here
is a sample question and answer.

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Sample Question
Chicago is a
(A) state
(B) city
(C) country
(D) continent
Sample Answer
Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing
accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other
questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time.
It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all the multiple-
choice questions.
About Guessing
Many candidates wonder whether or not to guess the answers to questions
about which they are not certain. Multiple-choice scores are based on the
number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect
answers, and no points are awarded for unanswered questions. Because
points are not deducted for incorrect answers, you are encouraged to answer
all multiple-choice questions. On any questions you do not know the answer
to, you should eliminate as many choices as you can, and then select the best
answer among the remaining choices.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Section I
Time—1 hour and 30 minutes
80 Questions
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is
followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is
best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.
1. Which of the following best explains how clearcutting contributes to
climate change on a global scale?
(A) Clearcutting requires prescribed burning, or setting controlled forest
fires to reduce the occurrence of natural fires.
(B) Clearcutting results in a loss of biodiversity and adds to the
problems of endangered species and extinctions.
(C) Clearcutting involves the burning of cut trees, which releases the
greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
(D) Clearcutting removes plants and their root systems, leading to soil
erosion and flooding.
2. Which of the following does NOT result from the melting of polar
icecaps?
(A) Increase in ocean acidification
(B) Loss of habitat for ice-dwelling species
(C) Release of the greenhouse gas methane
(D) Decrease in albedo causing more warming
3. The release of stored energy when stress overcomes a locked fault
results in which of the following?
(A) Earthquake
(B) Volcanic eruption

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(C) Mountain creation
(D) Hot spot formation
4. The table below shows the four categories of ecosystem services.
Type What is provided
Provisioning
services
water, food, medicinal resources, raw materials, energy,
ornaments
Regulating
services
waste decomposition and detoxification, purification of
water and air, pest and disease control and regulation of
prey populations through predation, carbon sequestration
Cultural services use of nature for science and education, therapeutic and
recreational uses, spiritual and cultural uses
Supporting
services
primary production, nutrient recycling, soil formation,
pollination
Based on the information in the table, which of the following gives an
example of the possible human consequences of the disruption of a
provisioning service?
(A) Agricultural use of former parklands resulting in fewer recreational
areas
(B) Rainforest destruction resulting in the loss of potential medicinal
plant species
(C) Decline in wild bee populations resulting in less pollination and
decreased crop yields
(D) Destruction of wetland habitats for real estate resulting in decreased
carbon sequestration

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(D) Headwaters
7. Which of the following factors limiting human population growth is
density-independent?
(A) Access to clean air and water
(B) Natural disaster frequency
(C) Disease transmission
(D) Food availability
Questions 8–10 refer to the following graph.
8. According to the graph, which biome would likely be found in a
location with an average annual temperature above 20°C and average
annual precipitation below 50 cm?
(A) Tundra

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Princeton Review AP Environmental Science Prep, 2023: 3 Practice Tests + Complete Content Review (2022)

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