Principles of Environmental Science: Inquiry and Applications, 6th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 01Understanding Our EnvironmentMultiple Choice Questions1.Environmental science is aA.narrowly defined set of physical, life, and social sciences.B.theoretical approach in interpreting the environment.C.way to see the world in scientific terms.D.systematic approach learning about the environment.E.special set of problem-solving skills.Bloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.01Topic: Environmental Science2.Most environmental problems result fromA.excessive pollution.B.complex, interrelated problems.C.technological development problems.D.global warming.E.urban degradation.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.02Topic: Environmental Science

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3.In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to yourroommate, you would probably emphasize the fact that environmental science isa(n)A.applied interdisciplinary field with an emphasis on solving problems.B.well-established field that has been in existence for a long time.C.theoretical discipline that will help solve the problems created by humanimpact.D.relatively new field that will identify remedies to environmental issues.E.theoretical field with an emphasis on scientific understanding.Bloom's Level: 3. ApplySection: 1.01Topic: Environmental Science

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4.Ideally, scienceA.is correct most of the time.B.tells us what we expected to find.C.uses new technology.D.is methodical and logical.E.proves that our hypotheses are correct.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method5.The best definition of a hypothesis is a(n)A.proof of a proposed theory.B.proposed theory that has been tested numerous times.C.theory based on experiments.D.argument based on acute intuition.E.proposed explanation based on observation.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method

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6.Of the following statements and questions, which is the best example ofdeductive reasoning?A.If all insects have six legs, then butterflies have six legs.B.In repeated tosses of a coin, there is a 50/50 chance of each toss resulting in a"head."C.How many times will the toss of coins turn "heads-up" if 100 people each toss acoin?D.Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, I conclude that all insectsmust have six legs.E.All of these are examples of deductive reasoning.Bloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeSection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method

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7.The statement, "Since every insect I have examined so far has six legs, Iconclude that all insects must have six legs." is an example ofA.inductive reasoning.B.deductive reasoning.C.hypothesis testing.D.reductive reasoning.E.parsimony.Bloom's Level: 3. ApplySection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method8.Generally, distinguished scientistsA.always agree if they really are expert scientists.B.may have different interpretations of the same evidence.C.never disagree once a theory is established.D.believe each other and support each other in their work.E.always disagree so they can prove theories.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method

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9.Proof in science is alwaysA.firmly established.B.beyond question.C.an impossible goal.D.changing very quickly.E.open to question or new evidence.Bloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method

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10.Although your sister is not a scientist, she says that she uses scientifictechniques in her everyday life. You do not believe her but she insists it is true.Which of the following examples could she use to best persuade you?A.When she cooks, she measures ingredients and puts them together to formsomething else (e.g., a cake).B.When she drives in her car, she hypothesizes about things (e.g., when the redlight will turn green).C.She put some tomatoes in the sun and some in the shade to see if the suncauses them to ripen faster.D.She buys a brand of toothpaste based on statistical data (four out of fivedentists recommend it).E.All of these are examples of using scientific techniques in her everyday life.Bloom's Level: 3. ApplySection: 1.04Topic: Scientific Method11.A group of concerned citizens are collecting water samples from a local riverto detect the level of nitrogen in the water. They plan to take samples every dayfor a month and then will divide the sum by the number of days they sampled.What is the group trying to do?A.determine the mean level of nitrogen in the waterB.determine the average level of nitrogen in the waterC.determine the confidence level of the sampleD.both determine the mean level of nitrogen in the water and determine theaverage level of nitrogen in the waterE.both determine the average level of nitrogen in the water and determine theconfidence level of the sampleBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeSection: 1.04Topic: Data Analysis

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12.Which of the following isnotan example of how statistics are used?A.assessing the general state of a groupB.determining the context of how data was gatheredC.estimating the confidence you can have in the dataD.determining if your group is unusualE.evaluating the relationship between variablesBloom's Level: 3. ApplySection: 1.04Topic: Data Analysis13.Utilitarian conservationists, including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt,supported forest conservation in order to provideA.wildlife habitats in forested areas.B.untouched, unvisited wilderness areas.C.homes, jobs, and recreation for people.D.the scenic beauty found in natural areas.E.resources, such as natural habitats, for future generations.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.06Topic: Environmental History

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14.Biocentric preservationists, first led by John Muir, advocate saving naturalareas for theirA.beauty and wildlife habitat.B.hunting and fishing value.C.wood and mineral resources for the future.D.tourism and recreation potential.E.economic value in cleaning the air and preventing soil erosion.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.06Topic: Environmental History

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15.Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's SilentSpring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives byA.focusing on human population growth.B.placing more emphasis on pollution problems.C.emphasizing international problems.D.encouraging energy efficiency.E.emphasizing the value of natural resources.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.06Topic: Environmental History16.At the end of the twentieth century, ____________________ has/have beenadded to environmental thinking.A.global concernsB.urban problemsC.water supply and pollution problemsD.human population growthE.air pollution problemsBloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.06Topic: Environmental History

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17.The point of critical thinking is to learn toA.weigh all the evidence and draw your own conclusions.B.distrust all opinions other than your own.C.trust only your own experimental results.D.learn to accept the views of real authorities.E.identify true experts in a field.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.05Topic: Critical Thinking

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18.In reading a claim by an atmospheric scientist that ozone depletion is not anactual environmental problem, a critical thinker wouldA.ignore the claim because it does not align with his/her opinions.B.feel relieved because ozone depletion was such an overwhelming problem.C.look for evidence that is in line with past experience.D.look for evidence of the source's reliability.E.acknowledge the claim because an atmospheric scientist is an expert.Bloom's Level: 3. ApplySection: 1.05Topic: Critical Thinking19.One of the first steps in critical thinking is toA.decide whether conclusions follow premises.B.decide if premises are true.C.identify premises and conclusions.D.identify whether premises are facts or values.E.approach a problem in new and innovative ways.Bloom's Level: 1. RememberSection: 1.05Topic: Critical Thinking

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20.Evidence of progress in dealing with population problems is best illustrated byA.current evidence of a stable population in the developing and developedworld.B.a decrease in the average number of children born to each woman.C.current evidence of a globally stable population growth.D.the decreasing population growth rate in the United States.E.current evidence of a stable population in the developing world.Bloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.03Topic: Populations

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21.The world's poorest people _______________ environmental degradation.A.cause the mostB.both cause and suffer fromC.are unaffected byD.don't really care aboutE.are ignorant ofBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.03Topic: Populations22.Poverty is passed on from one generation to the next primarily throughA.the lack of available opportunities.B.genetic conditions.C.improper care of natural resources.D.the lack of motivation to change.E.illnesses spread by viruses.Bloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.03Topic: Populations

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23.Proponents of sustainable development argue thatA.all development has environmental costs.B.development is less important than the environment.C.development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment.D.the environment is less important than development.E.development does not cause environmental damage.Bloom's Level: 2. UnderstandSection: 1.06Topic: Sustainability

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